Many photonic crystal (PhC) devices are non-periodic structures due to the introduced defects in an otherwise perfectly periodic PhC, and they are often connected by PhC waveguides that serve as input and output ports. Numerical simulation of a PhC device requires boundary conditions to terminate PhC waveguides that extend to infinity. The rigorous boundary condition for terminating a PhC waveg...

Open-loop unstable rhythmic tasks, like yoyo playing, require proper phase locking to stabilize. Given the phase-locking property of coupled oscillators, and their successful application to open-loop control of rhythmic motion, we investigate their application to closed-loop control of yoyo. In particular, we focus on pulse-coupling, where the yoyo sends a feedback upon reaching the bottom of t...

le chatelier's principle is used as a very simple way to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. . however, several studies have reported the violation of this principle, still there is no reported simple mathematical equation to express the exact condition of violation in the gas phase reactions. in this article, we derived a simple equation for the violati...