the use of panoramic radiography, due to its numerous advantages, is increasing. radiographic films used in this technique are of double emulsion (de) type which are used with intensifying screens. single emulsion (se) films can also be used. the purpose of this study was to determine the exposure parameters to achieve an appropriate optical density in these two types of films, and to estimate ...

For reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) of double layer grids, a two-stage optimization method is presented by applying “Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization” and “Ant Colony Optimization” (SIMP-ACO method). To achieve this aim, first, the structural stiffness is maximized using SIMP. Then, the characteristics of the obtained topology are used to enhance ACO through six modific...

introdouction: dentinal hypersensitivity (dh) is one of the most painful chronic problems reported in dental offices. various methods have been applied for the treatment of dh. however, majority of them are either ineffective or last for a short period of time. it has been reported that lasers, particularly neodymium- doped: yttrium aluminum garnet laser (nd: yag), can be helpful in the treatme...

We review recent results on the anomalous c-axis optical conductivity of several high temperature superconductors, both double layer and single layer materials. We find that the double layer materials are characterized by a narrow pseudogap in the normal state that is also responsible for the temperature dependence of the transport. In the single layer material the pseudogap is much broader and...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia world-wide. The causative agent in this protein misfolding disease is the 39 to 42-residues long amyloid-b (Ab) peptide, that aggregates into oligomers, filaments, and fibrils found in plaque deposits in the brain of AD patients [1]. Up to now a viable cure for this disease is still not available. One reason for this is Ab’s conformat...

In this paper, it is tried to find an approximate single layer equivalent for multi-layer graphene sheets based on third order non-local elasticity theory. The plates are embedded in two parameter Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation, and also the thermal effects are considered. A uniform transverse load is imposed on the plates. Applying the non-local theory of Eringen based on third order she...

the existence of some geometrically imperfect members, like initial curvature in a double layer space structures with hundreds or thousands of members is almost inevitable. these imperfections give rise to loss of load bearing capacity of double layer space structures. to evaluate the effect of initial member imperfection on load bearing capacity of double layer space structures and their failu...