Evaluation of actual irrigation system perfonnance should rely on an accurate hydrologic water balance over the area considered. In a companion paper, water uses are categorized as consumptive or noncon­ sumptive, and beneficial or nonbeneficial. Real perfonnance is based on water uses over a specified period of time, rather than observation of a single irrigation event (with associate potentia...

in rainfed areas of iran, cereal yields are low, variable and mainly as a result of inadequate and erratic seasonal rainfall and associated management factor, such as late sowing date (or late crop germination). in order to investigate the effects of single irrigation and nitrogen on bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. sabalan) a field experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in a ran...

TECHNIQUE With the recent advent of single port laparoscopic surgery, a single access port (SILSTM; Covidien, Mansfield, MA, US) can be used to gain retroperitoneal access (Fig 1) and allow necrosectomy to be performed. During the procedure, irrigation with warmed 0.9% saline or low CO2 pressure (8mmHg) permits visualisation of the retroperitoneum, and standard laparoscopic graspers and a sucti...

BACKGROUND Root canal irrigation carries a risk of extrusion of irrigant into the periapical tissues which can be associated with pain, swelling, and tissue damage. Studies have shown less extrusion with sonic or apical negative pressure devices compared with syringe and side-port needle or passive ultrasonic irrigation with continuous irrigant flow. This study aimed to evaluate the effectivene...

Modern irrigation systems utilize sensors and actuators, interconnected together as a single entity. In such entities, A.I. algorithms are implemented, which are responsible for the irrigation process. In this paper, the authors present an irrigation Open Watering System (OWS) architecture that spatially clusters the irrigation process into autonomous irrigation sections. Authors’ OWS implement...

Treatment of septic flexor tenosynovitis at the hand requires significant hospital resources in terms of operative time and subsequent management of tendon irrigation. Delayed recovery or treatment failure may require re-irrigation and drainage. This may be due to failure to adequately irrigate the entire flexor sheath. We describe a method of closed tendon sheath irrigation which is simple to ...

Abstract Aiming at the optimal allocation of irrigation water in a multi-water source project resource shortage area, this study developed joint scheduling optimization model for reservoir and pumping station under deficit conditions. In model, maximum annual yield area was objective function; supply, spill replenishment pump each stage were decision variables; total supply system, operation cr...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the cleaning ability of the more biocompatible 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) to that of 2.5% NaOCl with syringe method irrigation. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Thirty-six extracted permanent single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction and divided randomly into four groups (nine ...

TECHNIQUE With the recent advent of single port laparoscopic surgery, a single access port (SILSTM; Covidien, Mansfield, MA, US) can be used to gain retroperitoneal access (Fig 1) and allow necrosectomy to be performed. During the procedure, irrigation with warmed 0.9% saline or low CO2 pressure (8mmHg) permits visualisation of the retroperitoneum, and standard laparoscopic graspers and a sucti...