The fixation index F(st) plays a central role in ecological and evolutionary genetic studies. The estimators of Wright ([Formula: see text]), Weir and Cockerham ([Formula: see text]), and Hudson et al. ([Formula: see text]) are widely used to measure genetic differences among different populations, but all have limitations. We propose a minimum variance estimator [Formula: see text] using [Form...

objective(s): dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography (gc)-flame ionization detector was developed for the determination of valproic acid (vpa) in human plasma. materials and methods: using a syringe, a mixture of suitable extraction solvent (40 µl chloroform) and disperser (1 ml acetone) was quickly added to 10 ml of diluted plasma sample containing vpa (ph, 1.0...

In this work we discuss how to use photophysical information for improved quantitative measurements using Photo Activated Localization Microscopy (PALM) imaging. We introduce a method that reliably estimates the number of photoblinking molecules present in a biological sample and gives a robust way to quantify proteins at the single-cell level from PALM images. We apply this method to determine...

int roduCt ion Matrix effects are residual components of biological matrix that alter mass spectrometry response, decrease method robustness, add to method variability, and lead to poor limits of detection/quantification. A major source of matrix effects in plasma-based bioanalytical assays is residual phospholipids. If not removed from the sample, phospholipids can build up on analytical colum...

introduction cold plasma is a self-sterilized, painless, and non-contact method in surgeries. these properties allow it to be applied to the living tissues and heat-sensitive parts. the aim of this study was to design a new cold plasma producer device and evaluate the effects of cold argon plasma on decreasing the coagulation time of blood drop in vitro and that of the injured liver blood in vi...

in zero acceptance number sampling plans, the sample items of an incoming lot are inspected one by one. the proposed method in this research follows these rules: if the number of nonconforming items in the first sample is equal to zero, the lot is accepted but if the number of nonconforming items is equal to one, then second sample is taken and the policy of zero acceptance number would be appl...