The purpose of this review is to discuss the management of atrial septal defects (ASD), paying particular attention to the most recent developments. There are four types of ASDs: ostium secundum, ostium primum, sinus venosus, and coronary sinus defects. The fifth type, patent foramen ovale-which is present in 25 to 30% of normal individuals and considered a normal variant, although it may be th...

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital cardiac anomalies presenting in adulthood. ASD is characterized by a defect in the interatrial septum that allows pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium. The magnitude of the left-toright shunt across the ASD depends on the defect size, the relative compliance of the ventricles, and the re...

Abstract A 21–year old male who underwent surgical closure of an isolated inferior type sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SV–ASD) at 6 years age was admitted to our institute for acute superior limb hypotonia and dysarthria, with brain computed tomography scan positive ischaemic event. The contrast transcranial Doppler (CTD) right–to–left shunt (RLS). transesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) reve...

Background Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are the most common third congenital heart defects. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical course of ASDs and the relationship between its complications, location closure and size. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted...

The presence of distinct electrophysiological pathways within the atrioventricular node (AVN) is a prerequisite for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia to occur. In this study, the different cell contributions that may account for the anatomical and functional heterogeneity of the AVN were investigated. To study the temporal development of the AVN, the expression pattern of ISL1, expre...

Nomenclature and Classification There are 3 major types of ASDs or interatrial communications: ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus venosus (Figure 1A) defects. The ostium secundum is a true defect of the atrial septum and involves the region of the fossa ovalis. The ostium primum defect is within the spectrum of the atrioventricular (AV) septal defects (Figure 1B; also known as AV canal d...

Recently, heterozygous mutations of human NKX2.5 were identified in patients with congenital heart disease. 2 The most common phenotypes were progressive atrioventricular conduction delays (AV block) and secundum atrial septal defect (ASD), but other anatomical abnormalities, such as ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, or tricuspid valve abnormalities, including Ebstein’s anomaly, a...

1. Miller TD, Gibbons RJ. Paradoxical heart rate deceleration during exercise: relationship to a mid-right coronary artery stenosis. Chest 1988; 94: 407-08. 2. Takeuchi M, Hanada H, Numata T. İs dobutamine induced sinus node deceleration a marker of significant stenosis of the right coronary artery? Chest 1998; 113: 306-11. 3. Gündüz R, Payzın S, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Hasdemir C. Sinus node decelerati...

Nomenclature and Classification There are 3 major types of ASDs or interatrial communications: ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus venosus (Figure 1A) defects. The ostium secundum is a true defect of the atrial septum and involves the region of the fossa ovalis. The ostium primum defect is within the spectrum of the atrioventricular (AV) septal defects (Figure 1B; also known as AV canal d...