Skin permeation experiments have been broadly done since 1970s to 1980s as an evaluation method for transdermal drug delivery systems. In topically applied drug and cosmetic formulations, skin concentration of chemical compounds is more important than their skin permeations, because primary target site of the chemical compounds is skin surface or skin tissues. Furthermore, the direct pharmacolo...

DRESS: drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms RegiSCAR: Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions INTRODUCTION Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a life-threatening adverse drug reaction with an up to 10% mortality rate. It is characterized by fever, skin eruption, lymphadenopathy, and systemic organ dysfunction. Aromatic anticonvulsant...

Strontium ranelate is a relatively new drug used as a second-line treatment for osteoporosis, often targeted at older patients. It is known to cause skin rash and rarely drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, but there are no reports of exfoliative dermatitis as a reaction in the literature. We present the first two cases of this adverse effect of the drug, combined with eosinop...

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), is a severe adverse drug reaction affecting multiple organs caused by drug treatment. The current report describes a man who was prescribed zonisamide for epilepsy and subsequently developed widespread skin rash, acute kidney injury, high-grade fever, eosinophilia, liver dysfu...

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rather distinct severe adverse drug reaction characterised by skin rash, fever, lymph node enlargement and internal organ involvement. Our aim was to review the available data regarding the management of this probably underrecognised subset of drug reaction. So far, the only undisputed way to treat severe hypersensitivity r...

DRESS is a rare but life threatening drug allergic disease. The value of skin tests, especially patch-tests (PT) for defining the culprit drug were recently reported. Nevertheless DRESS has been associated with high risk of disease flare linked to drug rechallenge (culprit drug or not) or viral reactivation . In this study we analyzed the frequency of patch test-induced DRESS flares. Method Bet...

Background Type I hypersensitivity reaction to metronidazole and its skin testing are rarely reported. A 69 year old lady had laproscopic cholecystectomy on 27September 2010. Post surgery, IV ciprofloxacin 400mg and metronidazole 500mg were infused at 8.00 pm. Within 30 minutes, she experienced pruritus and noted erythema on her left forearm followed by urticaria over upper limbs and chest. She...

Background: DRESS syndrome is a distinctive, severe, and atypical drug reaction includes rash with eosinophilia organ dysfunction symptoms, as well hematological abnormalities. This disease diagnosed using the Regis CAR (European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction) scoring system. Case presentation: A 25-year-old lady presented complaints skin lesion over whole body since 3 days alon...

This case report describes two severe antiretroviral drug adverse reactions that occurred in the same patient. A 55-year-old HIV-positive African woman received a single epidural triamcinolone injection for pain relief of postherpetic neuralgia. Forty-one days later, she developed severe iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome due to the drug-drug interaction between triamcinolone and her boosted proteas...

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare, severe drug hypersensitivity reaction included in the drug-related rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome (DRESS), in which a transient state of immune suppression and reactivation of latent virus infections have been observed. We describe 5 patients who developed neosensitization to different drugs taken during a previous...