NS1643 is one of the small molecule HERG (Kv11.1) channel activators and has also been found to increase erg2 (Kv11.2) currents. We now investigated whether NS1643 is also able to act as an activator of Kv11.3 (erg3) channels expressed in CHO cells. Activation of rat Kv11.3 current occurred in a dose-dependent manner and maximal current increasing effects were obtained with 10 µM NS1643. At thi...

Experience of the peroral, hydraulic, multiple, small-bowel biopsy instrument is recorded and compared with reported experience of other peroral biopsy instruments. It is concluded that, in routine clinical practice, there is no particular danger associated with this instrument despite warnings to the contrary. Furthermore, biopsies are obtained at least as quickly as with other instruments and...

Small businesses occupy a signifi cant role in policy debates. This paper reviews evidence relating to tax policy, small businesses, innovation, and entrepreneurship. We provide background information on the small business sector and alternative business defi nitions. We examine evidence suggesting that job growth and innovation tends to occur in young fi rms, which typically start off small, r...

This paper analyzes how different levels of debtor protection across U.S. states affect small firms’ access to credit, as well as the price and non-price terms of their loans. We use a measure of debtor protection that has its maximum value when the borrower’s home equity is lower than the state homestead exemption (debtor is fully protected), and is decreasing in the difference between the hom...

This paper focuses on nano-morphology-controlled small-molecule organic solar cells without solvent treatment for high power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The maximum high PCE reaches up to 7.22% with a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) thickness of 320 nm. This high efficiency was obtained by eliminating solvent additives such as 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) to find an alternative way to control the domai...

The quasi-linear fuzzy modeling of Filev (1991) is used to estimate the relationship between the number of managers and employees in a firm. The results form the basis for the classification of firms into small and large businesses. Application to a data of Australian firms shows an evolution episode during which firms are driven by various transitional forces. The composition of the transition...

U.S. commercial banks are increasingly using credit scoring models to underwrite small business credits. This paper discusses this technology, evaluates the research findings on the effects of this technology on small business credit availability, and links these findings to a number of research and public policy issues. JEL classification: G21, G28, G34, L23