Smallholder plantations play an important role in oil palm development Jambi Province with a contribution of 70.47 percent to the total area and 57.10 production. Most smallholder are self-managed by independent smallholders whodo not get technical guidance from either government or private sector. Various problems found smallholders, one which is discrimination price fresh fruit bunches (FFB) ...

Conservation farming (CF) offers a set of sustainable agronomic practices for Zambian smallholder farmers using either hand hoe or animal draft tillage. The CF package includes dry-season land preparation using minimum tillage methods (hand hoe basins or ADP ripping), crop residue retention, precision input application (in a precise grid of planting basins or along rip lines), and nitrogen-fixi...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) endemic regions contain three-quarters of the world's FMD susceptible livestock and most of the world's poor livestock keepers. Yet FMD impact on smallholders in these regions is poorly understood. Diseases of low mortality can exert a large impact if incidence is high. Modelling and field studies commonly find high FMD incidence in endemic countries. Sero-surveys t...

As the sustainability of agricultural citizen science projects depends on volunteer farmers who contribute their time, energy and skills, understanding their motivation is important to attract and retain participants in citizen science projects. The objectives of this study were to assess 1) farmers' motivations to participate as citizen scientists and 2) farmers' mobile telephone usage. Buildi...

FAO has accorded food security and sustainable livelihood a high priority since the Rio Summit and more recently in response to the declaration of the World Summit on Sustainable Development. On its part, the FAO Forestry Department in collaboration with partners, has launched a number of initiatives to assist developing countries, particularly those with low forest cover, designing and strengt...

BACKGROUND The use of highly hazardous pesticides by smallholder farmers constitutes a classic trans-sectoral 'wicked problem'. We share our program of research in potato and vegetable farming communities in the Andean highlands, working with partners from multiple sectors to confront this problem over several projects. METHODS We engaged in iterative cycles of mixed methods research around p...

Since the late 1970s dramatic economic changes have taken place in the agricultural sector in the highlands of Guatemala. The introduction of new export crops, such as snow peas, broccoli, and miniature vegetables, has led to yet another agro-export boom. Unlike earlier booms, however, this one has included all but the smallest farmers. The high rate of smallholder participation in the boom, an...

In the face of a global pandemic, ever-present threat climate change and highly unstable economic social systems resource poor smallholder farmer is increasingly finding it harder to meet with daily challenges sustaining livelihood his family. This paper review smallholder’s rubber farmers, strategies adopted build resilience farmers technological adaptations sustain in Nigeria. The work looked...

Increasing agricultural productivity through irrigation technologies is recognized as an effective way to improve smallholders’ livelihoods and food security in developing countries. However, most smallholder farmers do not have access technologies. Using a double-bounded contingent valuation survey data from smallholders Ethiopia probit bivariate models, this paper analyzes farmers’ demand for...

BACKGROUND Health education to reduce population poultry exposures has limited effect. Lay beliefs about H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) causes could provide insights helpful for improving public health interventions. METHODS Qualitative interviews of poultry farmers, retailers, market stall holders and consumers in Hong Kong (n = 20), Guangzhou (n = 25), Vietnam (n = 38) and Th...