INTRODUCTION This study examined the effect of duration electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use on e-cigarette dependence, frequency of use, and strength of nicotine solution as well as number of cigarettes smoked per day. METHODS Individuals were recruited at e-cigarette retail locations in a large Midwestern metropolitan city of the United States in July 2013. A total of 159 participants com...

Nine asymptomatic smokers each smoked one cigarette of their usual brand on four separate occasions. The inhaled smoke volume was measured by tracing the smoke with the inert gas 81Krm. Puffing indices were recorded by using an electronic smoking analyser and flowhead/cigarette holder. The expired air carbon monoxide concentration was measured immediately before and within 5 min of finishing sm...

BACKGROUND Smoking and second-hand smoking [SHS] cause significant cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In healthy individuals and adults with chronic kidney disease [CKD], cigarette smoking is associated with albuminuria, increased risk for CKD, increased graft loss and progression of renal insufficiency. In children, SHS has been associated with higher blood pressure variability, blood pre...

Despite its increasing use, little is known about the effect of electronic cigarette. This study estimates impact use cigarettes on tobacco smoking and health among smokers, using French panel data derived from Health, Health Care, Insurance Survey for 2010–2014. We a difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach to identify cigarette sample 982 smokers. show that increases proba...

Smoked cigarettes and butts are the most common kind of litter around world. The buildup these litters has badly polluted local water bodies their compartments, cumulative effect many cigarette scattered in a centralized location may pose serious hazard to living species. To understand how heavy metals leached out into aquatic ecosystem, researchers must analyse behavior materials that make up ...

Materials and methods We studied 64 subjects (aged 22-65 years, 34 men) divided in 2 groups. Group A: 12 never smokers and 29 healthy smokers smoked for 10 min a single e-cigarette containing 11mg of nicotine and Group B: 14 never smokers and 9 healthy smokers smoked a single e-cigarette containing 0mg of nicotine. The same brand of e-cig was used in both groups with similar liquid ingredients ...

Like cigarette smoking, the risks from cigar smoking increase with increased exposure. For example, compared with someone who has never smoked, smoking only one to two cigars per day doubles the risk for oral and esophageal cancers. Smoking three to four cigars daily can increase the risk of oral cancers to more than eight times the risk for a nonsmoker, while the chance of esophageal cancer is...

KEY FINDINGS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2005-2008. Adults aged 20 and over with depression were more likely to be cigarette smokers than those without depression. Women with depression had smoking rates similar to men with depression, while women without depression smoked less than men. The percentage of adults who were smokers increased as depression sever...

BACKGROUND Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adolescents has increased since their introduction into the US market in 2007. Little is known about the role of e-cigarette psychosocial factors on risk of e-cigarette or cigarette use in adolescence. METHODS Information on e-cigarette and cigarette psychosocial factors (use and attitudes about use in the home and among friends) wa...