Mass balance studies in forested catchments in the northeastern USA show that S losses via streamwater SO4 exceed measured atmospheric S inputs. Possible sources of the excess S loss include underestimated dry deposition, mineralization of organic S in soils, desorption of soil sulphate, oxidation of recently formed sulphides and mineral weathering. Evaluating the relative contribution of these...

The transformation of atmospherically deposited inorganic Hg to the toxic, organic form methylmercury (MeHg) is of serious ecological concern because MeHg accumulates in aquatic biota, including fish. Research has shown that the Hg methylation reaction is dependent on the availability of SO4 (as an electron acceptor) because SO4-reducing bacteria (SRB) mediate the biotic methylation of Hg. Much...

The performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor at the pilot scale, with a 100-L volume and six compartments, that is used to treat low-strength industrial wastewater (671.5±49.9 mg COD/L, 350.1±36.8 mg BOD5/L and 443.8±60.7 mg SO4 -2/L) was studied. The reactor was started with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 25 h at 35 oC, which was gradually reduced to 3.33 h. The best reactor performanc...

The ability of sulfate-reducing bacteria to produce hydrogen sulfide and the high affinity of sulfide to react with divalent metallic cations represent an excellent option to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Different parameters have been proposed to control the hydrogen sulfide production by anaerobic bacteria, such as the organic and sulfate loading rates and the feed COD/SO4(2-) ratio. T...

UraniumIV sulfate in an aqueous solution and the solid state has been investigated with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The coordination polyhedron comprises monodentate sulfate, bidentate sulfate, and water molecules. The coordination modes of sulfate in solution have been determined from the U-S distances with EXAFS. The U-S distance of 3.67 +/- 0...

Monomeric [Co(II)(hep-H)(H2O)4]SO4 [1]SO4 and [Co(II)(hep-H)2(H2O)2](NO3)2 [2](NO3)2 have been developed from 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridine (hep-H) and CoSO4·7H2O/Co(NO3)2·6H2O, respectively, at 298 K. On exposure to heat (120 °C), the light orange single crystal of [1]SO4 transforms to a pink single crystal corresponding to the neutral sulfato bridged dimeric complex [(Co(II)(hep-H)(H2O)2(μ2-sulf...

In the present paper, we report crystal structures of four types ([A(1)H][A(2)H]Y, [A(1)H]3[A(2)H]Y2, A(1)H[A(2)H···A(2)]Y, and A(1)H[A(1)H···A(2)]Y) mixed salts containing sulfate anion (Y = SO42−) amino acids A, i.e., sarcosine (Sar), dimethylglycine (DMG), betaine (Bet), β-alanine (β-Ala), l-proline (l-Pro): (β-AlaH)(DMGH)SO4·2H2O (I), (β-AlaH)(BetH)SO4 (II), (β-AlaH)(l-ProH)SO4 (III), (BetH...

The kinetics of inhibition of human thrombin and Factor Xa by antithrombin III or heparin cofactor II were examined under pseudo-first-order conditions as a function of the concentration of naturally occurring oversulphated chondroitin and dermatan sulphates. The sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) studied were chondroitin sulphate D (CSD) (GlcA-2-SO4-GalNAc-6-SO4), chondroitin sulphate K (CSK)...

The energy available via microbial sulfate reduction was estimated for a Quaternary aquifer in northern Japan that is a candidate site for low temperature aquifer thermal energy storage. In evaluating whether microbial sulfate reduction proceeded or ceased, it was assumed that electron donor/acceptor concentrations were unchanged by temperature increase. The estimated energy availability via mi...