Today's world has been the world of media. Today can hardly find a place that people are far and separated from the media and media effects. Practices, knowledge, tastes, and many teachings of daily life of every human, somehow directly or indirectly will be affected by what the media has covered. This article attempts to focus on national media audience on one hand and satellite television net...

While media coverage and public discourse on climate change have increased significantly in the U.S. in recent years, it is not clear that this communication has gone beyond political elites to inspire action among the mass public. This paper applies knowledge from 30 years of literature on media effects and public opinion to the issue of climate change, examining the role of key communications...

From monetary policies to the climate change problem, from the burden of private credit card debts to the evaluation of public projects, discount rate is the central issue, yet there is little clear understanding about the nature of discounting. In this paper, applying a newly developed production theory, we discuss how discount rate is related to other factors in social systems, such as risk, ...