in this paper, the writers try to compare two authors, the iranian leftist, bozorg alavi (1904-1997) and the polish joseph conrad (1857-1924). although these two writers have different attitudes to socialism and the question of revolution, both share romantic idealism and a tragic sense of personal and social life. moreover, they both are precursors of modernist novel in their countries, and sh...

I recently visited the Soviet Union. I was there for only one week, as a tourist: time to get only a very limited and superficial impression of life there. Nevertheless, it was a sobering and thought-provoking experience. For even such a brief visit forces one to confront the problems raised by the evidently unideal character of the Soviet Union and other ̀ actually existing' socialist societies...

The recent decades of Marxist social science, particularly political economy, have been characterized by an intense theoretical defensive. The shortcomings of Eastern European socialism and its ideological reflections have been revealed gradually. However, the "ruthless criticism of all that exists" has not been accompanied by an alternative socialist theory. The image of the society to be achi...

Although collectivist ideas have everywhere fallen into disrepute, this essay argues that socialism nevertheless will survive and be extended in the new century. That gloomy prospect looms, not because socialism is more efficient or more just, but because ceding control over their actions to others allows individuals to escape, evade and even deny personal responsibilities. People are afraid to...

The rise of aesthetics in medicine has resulted from society's acknowledgement of the importance of physical beauty. This has led to an emerging conflict between allied specialties. The author introduces the concept of "Aesthetic Socialism" according to which everyone should have an opportunity to enhance or restore the beauty where it is missing or when it is lost due to disease, trauma or age...

W hat makes the work of John Kenneth Galbraith vital is that for over twenty-five years he has vigorously opposed the severance of economics from its historical and philosophical moorings. He is not a good economist if we use the methodology and content of contemporary social science as our standards of excellence. Galbraith is more than an economist. He is primarily a reflective intellectual w...