three samples were collected over an eight hour period on August 25, 2005 and combined into one composite sample. Raw green liquor was a two-sample composite because of a change that occurred in recovery boiler operation. Lime rock was a composite sample collected May 19, 2005. Pulp production on August 25, 2005 was 565 ADT. Results are given in Tables I and II. Samples for the mill trial were ...

At present, the most commonly used building material is ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, OPC has a negative environmental effect during synthesis, with the release of significant amount of CO2 greenhouse gas. The cement industry is responsible for 5-8% of total global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Geopolymerization is a technology capable of turning industrial wastes into strong and chem...

In all major industries increasing importance is placed on the use of instruments that analyse process streams effectively and efficiently for long periods of practically unattended operation. This helps the process operator to keep an inventory of the materials leaving the process, and check the operating efficiency. In the field of pollution, it helps to confirm that the process is operated w...

Without reclamation of waste liquor and chemicals recovery, the kraft pulp and paper industry would constitute an enormous pollution problem. Already for economical reasons, substantial recovery is secured, however, and considerable further improvements are foreseen. Recovery is outlined in terms of cycles for sodium, calcium, sulphur, and—in a wider sense—carbon. In addition, the mechanical lo...

The most widely employed industrial process for producing alumina (Bayer process) involves the dissolution of available aluminium hydroxide minerals present in raw bauxite into high temperature sodium hydroxide solutions. On cooling of the solution, or liquor in the industrial vernacular, Al is precipitated from solution in the form of gibbsite (Al(OH)3). In order to optimise the process, a det...

Black liquor (BL) can be regarded as the energy and alkali resource of the pulping mill. In this work, the effects of the characteristics of black liquor derived from the alkali-oxygen pulping of rice straw were studied. Through analyses of the chemical and physical properties, especially the thermodynamics properties, which depend on suspended matter and alkalinity, it was shown that the remov...

Electrolyte solutions in alkaline nuclear waste contain aluminate, hydroxide, nitrate and nitrite with sodium as the predominant counterion. The salts of these ions are highly soluble, so liquids concentrated. This study found that there is a substantial incompatibility between hydroxide and/or ions. was determined by observation adding just one molal NaNO2 or NaNO3 to saturated NaOH solution r...