by discovering how chemical compounds/xenobiotics cytotoxicity is affected when their metabolic pathways are inhibited or activated, the metabolic pathways that activate versus detoxify chemical compound can be identified. reactive metabolites contributing to cytotoxicity can also be identified. in this lecture, the pretreatment of inhibitors and activators of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes as...

Background Cyclic GMP producing soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is highly activated by the binding of nitric oxide (NO) messenger to its heme. Besides NO, other NO-independent molecules were shown to activate sGC. These include a class of heme-replacers (e.g., protoporphyrin IX and structurally unrelated activators BAY 58-2667 and HMR1766) or sGC stimulators (e.g., BAY 41-2272 and YC-1 and aryl-...

Nuclear receptors are central to the regulation of development, endocrine signalling and metabolism. The transcriptional activity of many receptors is controlled through the binding of small, fat-soluble molecules to the ligand-binding domain. In most cases, ligand binding turns the receptors into potent activators of transcription. This switch involves the exchange of co-regulator proteins tha...

Continuous assay of the soluble and inducible tryptophan pyrrolase (L-tryptophan : Hz02 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.4) by direct spectrophotometry in the particle-free supcrnatant fraction of liver (1) would be a desirable alternative to t,he usual assay in whole liver homogenates (2) for studies of the adaptive variations of the concentration of this enzyme, but it is uncertain whether the total...

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various combination activators of bovine oocyte following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in terms of cleavage and embryo development. Bovine ICSI oocytes were treated with a variation of treatments of combined or single activators as follows; 30 V for 15 x 2 μsec of electrical pulse +10 μg/mL cycloheximide (CHX),7% ethanol...

Nitric oxide (NO) maintains cardiovascular health by activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to increase cellular cGMP levels. Cardiovascular disease is characterized by decreased NO-sGC-cGMP signaling. Pharmacological activators and stimulators of sGC are being actively pursued as therapies for acute heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Here we review molecular mechanisms that modulate...

Aphrodisin is a soluble glycoprotein of hamster vaginal discharges, which stimulates male copulatory behavior. Natural aphrodisin was purified and its post-translational modifications characterized by MALDI-MS peptide mapping. To evaluate its ability to bind small volatile ligands, the aphrodisiac protein was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris as two major isoforms differing in their glycos...

By discovering how chemical compounds/xenobiotics cytotoxicity is affected when their metabolic pathways are inhibited or activated, the metabolic pathways that activate versus detoxify chemical compound can be identified. Reactive metabolites contributing to cytotoxicity can also be identified. In this lecture, the pretreatment of inhibitors and activators of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes as...

The pathogenesis of fat embolism, a common complication of fractures of the long bones of the lower limbs, is not delineated. Any explanation must take account of the recognised association of intravascular fibrin deposits with fat embolism. The fibrinolytic enzyme system may function to remove unwanted fibrin in the body. It consists basically of an inactive globulin, plasminogen, which is con...