The pinning effect is useful for restraining austenite grain growth in low alloy steel and improving heat affected zone toughness in welded joints. We propose a new calculation model for predicting austenite grain growth behavior. The model is mainly comprised of two theories: the solute-drag effect and the pinning effect of TiN precipitates. The calculation of the solute-drag effect is based o...

The mathematical description of hemodialysis (HD) includes two parts: 1) explanation of the exchange between patient’s blood and dialysate fluid across a semipermeable membrane of the dialyzer, and 2) characterization of the solute removal from the patient. The solute transport across the dialyzer membrane depends on the difference in hydrostatic pressure and solute concentration gradients betw...

The wetting of the planar interface between air saturated with octane vapor and an aqueous solution by octane is investigated by ellipsometry and interfacial tension measurements. The interfacial interactions are varied through the concentration of the uncharged solute (glucose). We observe abrupt and continuous increases of the octane coverage with growing solute concentration. This we attribu...

This chapter highlights the importance of the travel time distribution of solutes in aquifers, in order to evaluate the evolution of solutes at pumping wells. This evaluation is important when the solute is a contaminant and when measures are introduced in the groundwater catchment area in order to reduce the solute concentration at a pumping well. When flow and solute transport in the aquifer ...

We discuss pore dynamics in osmotically stressed vesicles. A set of equations which govern the liposomal size, internal solute concentration, and pore diameter is solved numerically. We find that dependent on the internal solute concentration and vesicle size, liposomes can stay pore free, nucleate a short-lived pore, or nucleate a long-lived pore. The phase diagram of pore stability is constru...

Elastic field coupling to solute concentration is known to produce dislocationdriven impurity segregation. Recent reports detailing the distribution of boron around edge dislocations in B2-ordered FeAl indicate that nonlinear coupling of species concentration and elastic strain to the chemical potential must be considered to assess the magnitude of boron segregation around edge dislocations. On...

We investigated effects of rehydration and time of sampling on solute accumulation in plants of two greenhouse-grown Populus deltoides Bartr. clones (Ohio Red and Platte) subjected to multiple cycles of water stress. Osmotic potential of leaves at full turgor was measured at predawn on well-watered (control) and water-stressed (conditioned) plants that had been rewatered the previous afternoon....

Stimuli-responsive materials that modify their shape in response to changes in environmental conditions-such as solute concentration, temperature, pH, and stress-are widespread in nature and technology. Applications include micro- and nanoporous materials used in filtration and flow control. The physiochemical mechanisms that induce internal volume modifications have been widely studied. The co...

The acoustical parameters of some synthesized azomethines have been studied from ultrasonic velocity and density measurement at different concentration in methanol and dimethyl formamide at 303.15 K. The apparent adiabatic molar compressibilities and apparent molar volume were also evaluated. The results provide useful information about solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions and are of s...