Soot particles produced by incomplete combustion processes are one of the major components of urban air pollution. Chemistry at their surfaces lead to the heterogeneous conversion of several key trace gases; for example NO(2) interacts with soot and is converted into HONO, which rapidly photodissociates to form OH in the troposphere. In the dark, soot surfaces are rapidly deactivated under atmo...

III. Project background: The SERDP statement of need that led to this research project focuses on a requirement for better models of the mechanisms of soot formation in combustion. Soot and its combustion precursors present human health hazards. In the case of Army fighting vehicles, such as those powered by diesel engines, it is of interest to achieve the maximum possible power density. One wa...

Numerous definitions and analytical techniques for elemental (or black) carbon (EC) have been published in the scientific literature, but still no generally accepted interdisciplinary definition exists. EC is not a single chemical compound, but is mainly composed of two parts of carbon contents: combustion residues from pyrolysis and combustion emissions formed via gas-to-particle conversion. A...

The combustion of pretroleum based fuels like kerosene, gasoline, or diesel leads to the formation of several kind of pollutants. Among them, soot particles are particularly bad for their severe consequences on human health. Over the past decades, strict regulations have been placed on car and aircraft engines in order to limit these particulate matter emissions. Designing low emission engines ...

Soot supports the powerful—but initially confusing—notion of “phase options”. This document aims to clear up the confusion so you can exploit the power of phase options. Soot’s execution is divided into a number of phases. For example, JimpleBodys are built by a phase called jb, which is itself comprised of subphases, such as the aggregation of local variables (jb.a). Phase options provide a wa...

Recently, particulate matter from diesel engines has become an important topic in environmental, scientific, and political discussions. European legislation on particulate matter (PM) emissions has made significant advancement with the adoption of limit value standards up to and including Euro IV for heavy-duty (HD) engines. Efforts to reduce soot particulate from automotive engine exhaust have...

Series of mixed metal oxides were synthesized by gel-combustion method and their catalytic activities for soot oxidation were investigated. The catalysts were M-Ce-Zr (M = Mn, Cu, Fe, K, Ba, Sr), and xK-20Mn-Ce-Zr (x = 0, 5, 10, 20), they were characterized by XRD, SEM, TPR and BET surface area techniques. The results of soot temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) in an O2 oxidizing atmosphere ...

Introduction Atmospheric soot concentrations range from 0.5 ng m in the stratosphere up to 20 μg m in polluted urban atmospheres. Due to its irregular agglomerate structure soot aerosol offers a large surface area for interactions with reactive trace gases like ozone. Recent model results indicated that ozone concentrations in the stratosphere and upper troposphere (Lary et al, 1997; Bekki, 199...

Chemical composition, size, and mixing state of atmospheric particles are critical in determining their effects on the environment. There is growing evidence that soot aerosols play a particularly important role in both climate and human health, but still relatively little is known of their physical and chemical nature. In addition, the atmospheric residence times and removal mechanisms for soo...