Given that the κ opioid receptor (KOR) system has been implicated in psychostimulant abuse, we evaluated whether the selective KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine dihydrochloride (nor-BNI) would attenuate the escalation of methamphetamine (METH) intake in an extended-access self-administration model. Systemic nor-BNI decreased the escalation of intake of long-access (LgA) but not short-access (Sh...

OBJECTIVE The International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) identifies women and infants at risk for adverse outcomes, which are also strongly associated with maternal overweight, obesity, and excess gestational weight gain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 9,835 women who...

The instinctive concern of a pregnant woman for her baby creates a receptive environment for advice, and so it is particularly important that medical recommendations during pregnancy should be factual and reasoned. In this issue ofDiabetes Care, Black et al. (1) have shown in a group of women who did not have gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by traditional thresholds that maternal overweight...

Abstract Australian arboreal mammals are experiencing significant population declines, particularly due to land clearing and resulting habitat fragmentation. The squirrel glider, Petaurus norfolcensis , is a threatened species in New South Wales, with stronghold the Lake Macquarie Local Government Area (LGA) where fragmentation urbanization an ongoing problem for conservation. Here we report on...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the odds ratio of prepregnant body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for excessive fetal growth, which we define as large for gestational age (LGA). METHODS We included 16,297 women who delivered a live-born singleton baby at term. We fit logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios of variables, including matern...

IL-22-producing helper T cells (Th22 cells) have been reported to be involved in lgA nephropathy. However, the mechanisms underlying the differentiation and immune regulation of Th22 cells in lgA nephropathy remain unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms by which Th22 cells differentiate and are recruited into the kidney in lgA nephropathy, the distribution of Th22 cells in both the kidney and blo...

BACKGROUND There remains uncertainty regarding whether a single fasting glucose measurement is sufficient to predict risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS We included 12,594 pregnant women who underwent a 75-g oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) at 22-28weeks' gestation in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, China. Outcomes were large for gestational age (LGA) baby, cesarean section, and...

We consider the use of power law distributions P (x) j x j ?1? (1 < 2) for lattice gas automata (LGA). (a) We implement the distribution P (`) for particle displacements with length j ` j in a LGA and we investigate the resulting diiusive transport. We show that anomalous diiusion (var(j ` j) t 2==) cannot be observed, but that normal diiusion (h` 2 i Dt) can be tuned so that the diiusion coeec...

Oil spills cause environmental pollution with a serious threat to local communities and sustainable development. Accidental oil can be modelled as stochastic process where each spill event is described by its spatial locations incidence-time hence allow for space-time cluster analysis. Space-time analysis detect pattern distribution of which useful implementing preventive measures evidence-base...