I. INTRODUCTION Many imaging problems, such as breast lesion characterization, can require high spatial and temporal resolution. The improved gradient performance required to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution may be achieved by specially designed local gradient coils such as planar gradient inserts. We present simple and rapid method for design of flat gradient inserts to produce a h...

Environmental gradients and their influence on benthic community structure vary over different spatial scales; yet, few studies in the Arctic have attempted to study the influence of environmental gradients of differing spatial scales on megabenthic communities across continental-scales. The current project studied for the first time how megabenthic community structure is related to several env...

The spatial gradient expansion of the generating functional was recently developed by Parry, Salopek, and Stewart to solve the Hamiltonian constraint in EinsteinHamilton-Jacobi theory for gravitationally interacting dust and scalar fields. This expansion is used here to derive an order-by-order solution of the Hamiltonian constraint for gravitationally interacting electromagnetic and scalar fie...

Emerging evidence indicates that complex spatial gradients and (micro)domains of signalling activities arise from distinct cellular localization of opposing enzymes, such as a kinase and phosphatase, in signal transduction cascades. Often, an interacting, active form of a target protein has a lower diffusivity than an inactive form, and this leads to spatial gradients of the protein abundance i...

In order to purposefully navigate their environments, animals rely on precise coordination between their sensory and motor systems. The integrated performance of circuits for sensorimotor control may be analyzed by quantifying an animal's motile behavior in defined sensory environments. Here, we analyze the ability of the nematode C. elegans to crawl isothermally in spatial thermal gradients by...

Predictions of the minimal size an organism must have to swim along stimulus gradients were used to compare the relative advantages of sensory systems employing spatial (simultaneous) and temporal (sequential) gradient detection mechanisms for small free-swimming bacteria, leading to the following conclusions: 1) there are environmental conditions where spatial detection mechanisms can function...

In this study, we consider the effects of marine environmental factors on the spatial distribution of Ommastrephes bartrami in the western North Pacific Ocean during the period in which the commercial squid fishery operates. Spatial referenced fishery data and satellite-derived advanced very high resolution radiometry (AVHRR) sea surface temperature (SST) data, Sea-viewing Wide Fieldof-view Sen...