BACKGROUND Isolated cerebral thromboangiitis obliterans (Spatz-Lindenberg disease) is not well recognized as a cause of vascular dementia. CASE DESCRIPTION A 58-year-old woman presented with dementia and pyramidal signs. Neuroimaging showed multiple areas of white matter change. Brain biopsy showed intimal thickening of the walls of leptomeningeal and intraparenchymal arteries, almost to comp...

“Hallervorden-Spatz disease” represents a distinctive and readily recognizable eponym to neurologists and pediatricians; it denotes a rare, inherited, autosomal recessive disorder tha t is perhaps a neuraxonal dystrophy, characterized by the childhood onset of unrelenting progressive gait disturbance, spasticity, and dementia associated with prominent extrapyramidal signs such as dystonia, chor...

BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is an important determinant of early infant immune function and potentially future health. Although numerous studies have reported rising breastfeeding initiation rates and duration, few longitudinally investigated the impact of shifting societal and lifestyle factors on breastfeeding patterns in developed nations. METHODS The Ulm Birth Cohort Study (UBCS) and Ulm SPA...

Hallervorden Spatz disease is a rare disorder characterized by progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction. We report a case of a 18 year old boy who presented with cervical dystonia, pigmentary retinal degeneration and MRI brain showing the "eye-of-the-tiger" appearance. Renamed recently as "Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation", we present this case for its rarity and interesting features.

We describe fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence MRI and proton MR spectroscopy appearances of the brain in a 7-year old Saudi boy who presented with the clinical features of Hallervorden-Spatz disease to King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The case report on Hallervorden Spatz disease (HSD)(1) aroused interest, particularly because we are currently managing a child with this disease in our Pediatric Neurology Clinic. Although the authors have rightly suspected the condition, they have not presented parameters on the basis of which the diagnosis was made. Absence of criteria for Wilson's disease and presence of family history of s...