Detection of genetic and behavioural diversity within morphologically similar species has led to the discovery of cryptic species complexes. We tested the hypothesis that US populations of the canyon treefrog (Hyla arenicolor) may consist of cryptic species by examining mate-attraction signals among three divergent clades defined by mtDNA. Using a multi-locus approach, we re-analysed phylogenet...

in this paper, a new circuit is proposed for step-up z-source inverter based on qzsi (quasi-z-source inverter). the proposed topology inherits all advantages of the conventional topology. the proposed topology in comparison with conventional topology reduces the st (shoot-through) duty cycle by over 25% at the same voltage boost factor. theoretical analysis of the proposed qzsi in the st and no...

let  be a graded ring and  be a graded -module. we define a topology on graded prime spectrum  of the graded -module  which is analogous to that for , and investigate several properties of the topology.

in this paper, a pointwise pseudo-metric function on the l-realline is constructed. it is proved that the topology induced by this pointwisepseudo-metric is the usual topology.

Internet mapping projects generally consist in sampling the network from a limited set of sources by using traceroute probes. This methodology, akin to the merging of spanning trees from the different sources to a set of destinations, leads necessarily to a partial, incomplete map of the Internet. Accordingly, determination of Internet topology characteristics from such sampled maps is in part ...

The random-neighbor version of the Bak-Sneppen biological evolution model is reproduced, along with an analogous model of random replicators, the latter eventually experiencing topology changes. In the absence of topology changes, both types of models self-organize to a critical state. Species extinctions in the replicator system degenerates the self-organization to a random walk, as does vanis...

The coalescent and multispecies coalescent model rooted genealogies backward through time. Often, the direction of time is unknown in trees estimated from molecular sequences due to reversible mutation models, absence of an appropriate outgroup, and the absence of the molecular clock. In this article, probabilities of unrooted gene-tree topologies under the multispecies coalescent are considere...

Important biological information is encoded in the topology of biological networks. Comparative analyses of biological networks are proving to be valuable, as they can lead to transfer of knowledge between species and give deeper insights into biological function, disease, and evolution. We introduce a new method that uses the Hungarian algorithm to produce optimal global alignment between two ...

We introduce comparative connectomics, the quantitative study of cross-species commonalities and variations in brain network topology that aims to discover general principles of network architecture of nervous systems and the identification of species-specific features of brain connectivity. By comparing connectomes derived from simple to more advanced species, we identify two conserved themes ...