were “unknown agents.” For the sake of objectivity, we based our assumption on the aggregate of information for known pathogens rather than on “expert opinion.” Interestingly, however, the Council of Science and Technology’s “expert opinion” of the percentage of diarrheal illness due to foodborne transmission was 35% (1), nearly identical to the figure we developed. As noted in our article, pat...

—Body size measurements from freshly collected birds and dried museum specimens were used to evaluate specimen shrinkage in Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera). Six of seven body measurements of female Cinnamon Teal differed significantly after specimen drying, whereas five of seven male body measurements differed. The largest amount of shrinkage was in bill height, bill width, and tarsus length. B...

Damage to specimen collections occurs in practically every herbarium across the world. Hence, some precautions must be taken, such as investigating factors that cause damage their and evaluating collection handling usage policy. However, manual investigation of causes requires a lot effort time. Only few studies have attempted investigate damage. So far, non-gaussian approach detecting specimen...