Recently, the endonasal transsphenoidal approach has been widely used as the standard technique for pituitary surgery instead of the sublabial approach. However, using this approach involves potential conflicts between surgical instruments when entering the nostril and while working inside even with an endoscope. In patients with small nostril, it requires an additional tension release incision...

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical inquiry project was to determine if there is a difference in the ease of cervix visualization when the bimanual examination is performed prior to the speculum examination among advanced practice registered nursing (APRN) students. Data Sources: Thirty seven participants were recruited from a convenience sample of APRN students participating in a pelvic skil...

There is evidence from Graeco-Roman texts and inscriptions that gynaecology and obstetrics were important areas of ancient medicine which attracted many practitioners,' some well-known for their own special remedies.2 Diagnosis and subsequent application of these preparations almost invariably required a dilator,3 and the use of the vaginal speculum (dioptra), sometimes familiarly called organu...

BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to modify the embryo transfer technique to prevent expulsion of the embryos by exerting gentle mechanical pressure on the cervix using the vaginal speculum. METHODS A total of 639 infertile patients undergoing ICSI were prospectively randomized into two groups using sealed dark envelopes. In the study group (n=325) the screw of the vaginal speculum was loos...