BACKGROUND Back injuries are common in transit drivers, and can result in substantial direct and indirect cost to the employer and employee. Whole-body vibration (WBV) is one risk factor for drivers. Standards have been adopted (ISO 2631-1) to guide researchers in measuring and analysing WBV levels. Lately, a new standard has been added (ISO 2631-5) that takes impulsive exposures into account. ...

One of the major problems in developing countries is maintenance of roads. Well maintained roads contribute a major portion to the country’s economy. Identification of pavement distress such as potholes and humps not only helps drivers to avoid accidents or vehicle damages, but also helps authorities to maintain roads. This paper discusses previous pothole detection methods that have been devel...

The effect of blade sweep has been studied numerically with the Lattice Boltzmann Method on a family low-speed free-vortex axial fans sweeps ±45°. Good overall aerodynamic agreement is first demonstrated all at design condition, particularly in tip gap. local larger wall-pressure fluctuations seen unswept and backward swept compared to forward case are traced stronger vortices that remain rotat...

Introduce analytical acceleration formulas that are derived from the classic d'Alembert principle of theoretical mechanics for high-speed sections and retarder positions; show possibility determining instantaneous car speeds in each section marshalling hump according to elementary physics both provide time movement a with uniformly accelerated and/or retarded motion on inclined part hump, as we...

Objective: to describe the speed of car at each section descent part hump using principles classical mechanics; get a generalized model movement estimated point hump, which allows speeding up process building graphs and changing kinematic characteristics car’s movement; present change in instantaneous along entire length form graph step function. The resulting quickly analyzing mode shunting ca...