Background γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered to be the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous systems (CNS). There are two major classes of GABA receptors: GABAARs and GABABRs. The GABAA receptor is derived from various subunits such as alpha1-alpha 6, beta1-beta 3, gamma1-gamma 4, delta, epsilon, pi, and rho1-3. Intensive research has been performed to und...

Background: Spermatogenesis associated 19 (Spata19) was introduced as a testis-specific gene that probably involved in spermatogenesis cell apoptosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Spata19 inactivation on sperm count. Materials and Methods: We generated global knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas9 nickase technology. Disability validated three levels DNA, RNA, protein using PC...

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have revolutionized the treatment of infertility. However, many types of infertility may still not be addressable by ART. With recent successes in identifying many of the genetic factors responsible for male infertility and the future prospect of whole individual human genome sequencing to identify disease causing genes, the possible use of gene therapy ...

Sexual selection is the pervasive force underlying the dramatic divergence of sperm form and function. Although it has been demonstrated that testis gene expression evolves rapidly, exploration of the proteomic basis of sperm diversity is in its infancy. We have employed a whole-cell proteomics approach to characterize sperm divergence among closely related Mus species that experience different...

The mammalian testis and epididymis are responsible for spermatozoa production and maturation, which contributes to male fertility. Predominantly expressed proteins in the testis and epididymis were suggested to be involved in the key functions or pathways in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. To further investigate these proteins and their associations with sperm, large protein profiles of ...

Sperm competition is widely recognized as a potent force in evolution, influencing male behavior, morphology, and physiology. Recent game theory analyses have examined how sperm competition can influence the evolution of ejaculate expenditure by males and the morphology of sperm contained within ejaculates. Theoretical analyses rest on the assumption that there is sufficient genetic variance in...

Interest in ion channels as drug targets for contraception has grown with the realization that certain ion channel subunits are located exclusively in sperm. Selective knockdown of ion channel subunits can lead to infertility without ill effects, and selective inhibitors and/or openers of these ion channels could interfere with sperm function. In this study, in vivo electroporation (EP) and ret...

in order to evaluate the effects of phenytoin on the reproductive system of rats in detail, 60 male rats were divided equally into 6 groups: 1-5 received 10 mg/kg/day phenytoin ip for 1,2,3,4 and 5 weeks, respectively. however, group 5 did not receive any phenytoin for the last 5th week. the control group (group 6) did not receive any treatment. the results revealed that phenytoin does not have...

The study was designed to investigate the efficacy of treating the adult male rats with royal jelly (1g/kg B. Wt. orally) for one month with or without hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) in drinking water on sexual efficiency, glutathione and malondialdehyde tissue testis levels. The current study demonstrated that male rats receiving hydrogen peroxide caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the sperm ...

Changes of chromosomal basic proteins of rats have been followed during transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa in the testis and during maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis. Rat testis chromatin has been fractionated on the basis of differing sensitivity to shearing, yielding a soluble fraction and a condensed fraction. The sperm histone is found in the condense fraction. Somatic-...