In this paper the effect of composite hoop-wrapped on stress intensity factor for semi-elliptical external crack which located in spherical pressure vessel, were investigated through the Finite Element Analysis. In order to find the effect of some parameters such as composite thickness and width, internal pressure and crack geometry, comparisons between different cases were done and discussed i...

Small cytoplasmic tubules are present in the interstitial cells and cnidoblasts of hydra. They are referred to here as "microtubules." These tubular elements have an outside diameter of 180 A and an inside diameter of 80 A. By difference, the membranous wall is estimated to be 50 A thick. The maximum length of the microtubules cannot be determined from thin sections but is known to exceed 1.5 m...

This paper is based on my talks (“Skein modules with a cubic skein relation: properties and speculations” and “Symplectic structure on colorings, Lagrangian tangles and its applications”) given in Kyoto (RIMS), September 11 and September 18 respectively, 2001. The first three sections closely follow the talks: starting from elementary moves on links and ending on applications to unknotting numb...

The aim of this paper is to define two link invariants satisfying cubic skein relations. In the hierarchy of polynomial invariants determined by explicit skein relations they are the next level of complexity after Jones, HOMFLY, Kauffman and Kuperberg’s G2 quantum invariants. Our method consists in the study of Markov traces on a suitable tower of quotients of cubic Hecke algebras extending Jon...

The Murphy operators in the Hecke algebra Hn of type A are explicit commuting elements whose sum generates the centre. They can be represented by simple tangles in the Homfly skein theory version of Hn. In this paper I present a single tangle which represents their sum, and which is obviously central. As a consequence it is possible to identify a natural basis for the Homfly skein of the annulu...

We define the Conway skein module (M) of ordered based links in a 3-manifold M . This module gives rise to (M)-valued invariants of usual links in M . We determine a basis of the Z[z]-module (Σ× [0,1])/Tor( (Σ× [0,1])), where Σ is the real projective plane or a surface with boundary. For cylinders over the Möbius strip or the projective plane, we derive special properties of the Conway skein mo...

Recently, cryptanalysts have found collisions on the MD4, MD5, and SHA-0 algorithms; moreover, a method for finding SHA1 collisions with less than the expected calculus complexity has been published. The NIST [1] has thus decided to develop a new hash algorithm, so called SHA-3, which will be developed through a public competition [3]. From the set of accepted proposals for the further steps of...

We compute two-term skein modules of framed oriented links in oriented 3-manifolds. They contain the self-writhe and total linking number invariants of framed oriented links in a universal way. The relations in a natural presentation of the skein module are interpreted as monodromies in the space of immersions of circles into the 3-manifold.