Observing violent content has been hypothesized to facilitate antisocial behaviors including interpersonal violence. Testosterone is released in response to perceived challenges of social status, often followed by an increase in aggressive behaviors and physiological activation. Prior investigations evaluating the impact of observing violence on autonomic function have focused on sympathetic me...

The study of sport spectatorship has an increasing focus on the importance of fandom beyond fan violence. Fundamental to understanding fan behavior are the meaningful rituals and emotions experienced by fans. In this paper, I use the theoretical work of Randall Collins to examine the ritualistic outcomes of collective effervescence, emotional energy, and group symbols and solidarity among sport...

This paper investigates the time series properties of fighting and scoring in the National Hockey League from 1957-2013. The empirical analysis focuses on identifying structural breaks in the various time series and correlating these breaks with rule changes in the NHL, especially those that focus on fighting. We find that player behavior in the areas of fighting and scoring changed structurall...

PURPOSE The current study examines the associations between a range of risk factors and reports of suicide attempts and attempts requiring medical care in a nationally representative study of high school students. The goal is to examine sex differences in the risk factors associated with suicide attempts and attempt-related injuries requiring treatment by a health-care provider. METHODS We us...

It is now recognised that inactive lifestyles underpin much of the disease burden evident in the richer nations of the world. Indeed, the WHO has identified physical inactivity as a 'global public health problem' and has established minimum physical activity (PA) targets for people at different stages of the life-course. Yet, according to WHO, just under 1/3 of working age adults across the glo...

CREATED IN 1994, THE ENTERtainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) rates video games according to the categories listed in the BOX and using content descriptors, which game manufacturers display on the game box to inform consumer choices. Analogous to the G rating of films, the E rating (for “Everyone”) of video games suggests suitability for all audiences, but the E rating does not mean violence-...

Much research suggests that sporting events can trigger domestic violence with recent evidence suggesting that pre-match expectations (which can be interpreted as reference points) play an especially important role in this relationship. In particular, unexpectedly disappointing results have been associated with large increases in domestic violence. This paper contributes to this literature usin...

An increasing number of studies have linked presence to other media effects, typically as a mediating variable. Scholars have also examined individual differences in the experience of presence. For this study, the authors tested whether real world experiences would impact presence sensations when similar scenarios were acted on in television programming. A random sample telephone survey was uti...

BACKGROUND Body mass index assessment using self-reported height and weight (BMIsr) can encounter refusals and under/over-reporting while for assessment with measured data (BMIm) refusals can be more frequent. This could relate to socioeconomic and health-related factors. We explored these issues by investigating numerous potential factors: gender, age, family structure, father's occupation, in...

<p>Sports have become a good source of livelihood and entertainment. From time-to-time sports organizations witness violent non-violent situations which define crisis. Violence can be internally or externally poses serious obstacle to effective management around the globe. The impact violence in is really capable inducing severe consequences even disaster if inappropriate strategic moves ...