Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains significant amounts of leachable metals, and is therefore considered as hazardous waste. The increased amounts of fly ash generated cause environmental issues, management costs and accumulation of valuable metals in landfills. All these factors contribute to an increased interest in recognizing the ash as an urban mining target of metal...

European settler mortality has been proposed as an instrument to predict the causal effect of colonial institutions on differences in economic development. We examine the relationship between mortality, temperature, and economic development in former European colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. We find that (i) European settler mortality rates increased with regional temperatures and (i...

During the last years, the efficiency of pollution removal and sludge treatment processes are major concerns because of the more restrictive legislation related to nutrient discharge. A key point in the field of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the secondary settler efficiency. This paper presents a benchmark study to control, using fuzzy algorithms, the sludge height in ...

Abstract. Since the 1970s, in-migration has driven swelling human presence and dramatic physical landscape changes in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon frontier. Particularly in recent years, population growth and redistribution has engendered important consequences on deforestation and on the incipient, but increasing, urbanization in the frontier. This paper uses longitudinal and multi-scale dat...

During his time as a federal politician and prime minister, Alfred Deakin divided his time between his city residence in Toorak and his holiday retreat at Point Lonsdale. His family had acquired several acres of land on the Bellarine peninsula in 1904 where they had built a federation bungalow called ‘Ballara’. The word is probably derived from the Wathawurung word balla for ‘elbow’, thus ‘recl...

Consideration of sludge rheology is very important for a proper solids transport and to obtain the necessary settler capacity. Although a true yield stress does not exist, large apparent viscosities at low shear rates inhibit an efficient sludge transport. Research indicates that the dimensionless ratio of gravity to viscous forces is an important operational parameter towards settler capacity....