Leaf area density is a biologically appealing index of forest tree health because it can provide an assessment of foliage loss or retention; however, it is difficult to measure directly. In contrast, the ratio of crown length to sapwood area (CL:SA) is quite amenable to objective field measurement, and could be interpreted as an index of crown sparseness. CL:SA was computed for Douglas-fir tree...

This paper presents an approach for rapid assessment of sustainability for Mainland China based on a multilayer index system. Efficient assessment is conducted with the basic mapping units at county and city levels. After evaluating a comprehensive sustainable development index, SDI, for each unit, five rankings of sustainability are determined, and a zonation map produced. Regional characteris...

The nutritionally important starch fractions and in vitro digestibility index (SDI) were studied three commercially available rice varieties a millet which subjected to four different cooking methods validate the claim of low glycemic index. Hydrolysis was analyzed compute Estimated Glycemic Index (EGI) correlated with SDI. In addition, carbohydrate profile, amylose content, degree gelatinizati...

An understanding of flood impact in terms of sustainability is vital for long-term disaster risk reduction. This paper utilizes two important concepts: conventional insurance related flood risk for short-term damage by specific flood events, and long-term flood impact on sustainability. The Insurance Related Flood Risk index, IRFR, is defined as the product of the Flood Hazard Index (FHI) and V...

This paper describes results of FTM–West model solutions for a set of hypothetical future fuel treatment scenarios, which include stand-density-index (SDI) and thin-from-below (TFB) treatment regimes at alternative levels of harvest administrative fees or subsidies. The paper briefly describes estimates of harvestable wood (upper bounds) and acreage treatable under the different thinning regime...

Although the increased prevalence of low bone mineral density among HIV-infected patients has raised concern for increased fracture risk, few investigations have evaluated fracture rates. Increasing evidence indicates that HIV patients are at higher risk of osteoporotic fractures compared to the general population. This is a very important issue, because fragility fractures are complications wi...

Some substance dependent individuals (SDI) suffer from a decision-making impairment akin to that seen in neurological patients with lesions of the ventromedial (VM) prefrontal cortex. The somatic-marker hypothesis posits that decision-making is a process that depends on emotion and that deficits in emotional signaling will lead to poor decision-making. In this study, we tested the hypothesis th...

The aim of this study was to determine the degree of Anguillicoloides crassus infection in European eel inhabiting Polish waters based on selected parasitic descriptors and on anatomical pathology of the swimbladder using macroscopic methods. In all, 154 European eel specimens were sampled from eleven sites in Poland and A. crassus was present in the swimbladder of 114 fish. The intensity of A....

Snags are standing dead trees that are an important component in the nesting habitat of birds and other species. Although snag availability is believed to limit populations in managed and non-managed forests, little data are available to evaluate the relative effect of stand conditions and management on snag occurrence. We analyzed point sample data from an intensive forest inventory within an ...