A magnetic field induced by an electromagnetic coil is the key variable that determines performance of a magnetically driven actuator. The applicability empirical models turns, static resistance, and inductance were discussed. Then, model mean was established analytically. Based on proposed model, sinusoidal response square-wave calculated with wire diameter as decision variable. amplitude phas...

the aim of this study was to evaluate sound and decayed wood of iranianbeech (fagus orientalis) with a nondestructive stress wave method. wood samples,with dimensions of 9 by 19 by 200 mm were decayed in laboratory soil-bed tests,based on european pre-standard env-807. the decay was evaluated by measuringbending dynamic modulus of elasticity (moed) and longitudinal dynamicmodulus of elasticity ...

using of nanofluids and ducts with corrugated walls are both supposed to enhance heat transfer, by increasing the heat transfer fluid conductivity and the heat transfer area respectively. use of a diverging duct with a jet at inlet section may further increase heat transfer by creating recirculation zones inside the duct. in this work two-dimensional incompressible laminar flow of a nanofluid e...

The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is an important component of the filtration barrier that is the glomerular capillary wall. Previously GBM permeability has been investigated only under static pressures and often within a supraphysiological range. We used Matrigel as a model of GBM and formed membranes at the base of a filtration chamber. We measured membrane permeability under static and ...

Current real-world casual information visualization systems use motion to presumably increase system appeal and repeated use. Despite empirical evidence suggesting that motion is distracting and not particularly good for data encoding, its continued use may indicate benefits independent of traditional utility measures. We present two experiments designed to highlight differences and disparities...

Recent results on the inner disk oscillations found in GRS 1915+105 are reviewed. QPOs during the low state are used as a marker for such oscillations and the physical picture emerging from a combined X-ray spectral and timing analysis is examined. The relationship between inner disk oscillations and synchrotron radio emission is critically evaluated.

A static or counterphase (target) grating surrounded by drifting (inducer) gratings is perceived to move in the direction opposite that of the inducers. We compared the relative magnitudes of these simultaneous motion contrasts generated by both first-order and second-order stimuli. The first-order stimuli were sinusoidal luminance-modulations of a uniform field, and the second-order stimuli we...

Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry, in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production. Contents Foreword xi Editor's preface to the Manchester Physics Series xiii Author's preface xv 1 PLANCK'S CONSTANT IN ACTION 1.1 Photons 1 1.2 De B...

Models of the dipper effect seen in contrast discrimination experiments predict that small amounts of noise should facilitate detection of a subthreshold sinusoidal grating. Although facilitation of chromatic sine waves has been measured with chromatic or luminance noise, a facilitory effect of luminance sinusoidal gratings has not been measured, most likely because the stimulus characteristics...