This paper focuses on the computer cooling capacity using the thermosyphon loop with minichannels and minipump. The one-dimensional separate model of two-phase flow and heat transfer in a closed thermosyphon loop with minichannels and minipump has been used in calculations. The latest correlations for minichannels available in literature have been applied. This model is based on mass, momentum,...

−− A steady state model of an anaerobic methanogenic biofilm reactor-module that accounts for the biological interactions of four microbial groups, ionic equilibrium in solution, gas-liquid transfer phenomena and biofilm processes is presented. The model consists of a continuous stirred tank reactor type that allocates an inert support material, whose specific surface is taken into account. The...

The ability to simultaneously measure both biofilm thickness and the mass transfer coefficient of an inert tracer through it provides a powerful method to study biofilm development. In this communication previously published data has been collated to interpret global trends in biofilm structure during the transition towards steady-state. It appears that sudden changes in biofilm structure (dire...

Average mass transfer coefficients of an inert compound (LiCl) within denitrifying biofilms were monitored during biofilm growth in a membrane flow cell under different flow conditions, until the biofilm reached (pseudo-) steady state. Average effective diffusivities were found to increase with the decrease in tortuosity factors of the biofilm matrix. The lowest tortuosity factor corresponded t...

in this paper, startup performance of upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors in anaerobic treatment of distillery spentwash has been studied under identical conditions of operation. various effluent characteristics like ph, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and total solids and other process parameters like biogas pr...

this paper presents the steady state behavior and maintenance planning of the bleaching system in a paper plant. the paper plant comprises of various systems including feeding, chipping, digesting, washing, bleaching, screening, stock preparation and paper making, etc. one of the most important functionaries of a paper plant, on which quality of paper depends, is the bleaching system, where rem...

DNA nanostructures formed by association of four oligonucleotides d(TGGGGT) (TG4T quadruplexes) are studied by steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy with femtosecond resolution using fluorescence upconversion. A comparison between singlestranded and four-stranded structures and the corresponding stoichiometric mixture of noninteracting nucleotides shows how horizontal and vertical...

in this paper, startup performance of upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors in anaerobic treatment of distillery spentwash has been studied under identical conditions of operation. various effluent characteristics like ph, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and total solids and other process parameters like biogas p...

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Operability analysis as one of the most important bridges between process design and process control helps the process designer to investigate the control issues quite early in the design stage. Recently, Vinson and Georgakis suggested a steady state geometrical operability index as a quantitative measure for assessment of process operability. In...