Apoptosis and underlying mechanisms were evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), in target tissues of late diabetic vascular complications [human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs)], and in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) exposed to FFAs, which are elevated in obesity and diabetes. Saturated stearic acid concentration dependent...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Free fatty acids (FFAs) are implicated in diverse signal transduction pathways. The present study investigated the effects of the saturated FFA stearic acid on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity, Akt activity, and glucose uptake into cells relevant to insulin signal. METHODS PTP1B activity was assayed under the cell-free conditions. Phosphorylation of insulin rec...

Desaturation of [1-r4C]stearic acid, [lJ4C]palmitic acid, and [l-14C]stearoyl-CoA was measured in homogenates of lo-day-old rat brain. Desaturation was maximal with stearoyl-CoA at pH 6.0 to 6.6. With free fatty acids, monoene formation was maximal at pH 7.2 to 7.6; stearic acid was more actively desaturated than palmitic acid. Activity with stearic acid or stearoyl-CoA was linear with protein ...

Fatty acids are chains of carbons that end in an acid group, or carboxyl group as it is referred to in biochemistry. Fatty acids vary in the length of the fatty acid chain and the number of double bonds. It is common to abbreviate fatty acids by listing the number of carbons in the chain:number of double bonds (Table 1). An example of a common fatty acid is stearic acid with 18 carbons and no d...

Ruminant products are significant sources of dietary trans fatty acids. Trans fatty acids, including various conjugated linoleic acid isomers, have been shown to act as metabolic modifiers of lipid metabolism. Trans fatty acids originate from biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids by gut microbes; however, the exact synthetic pathways are unclear. It was our goal to examine the bio...

The effect of cellular differentiation on fatty acid uptake and intracellular diffusion was examined in transfected pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells stably expressing intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP). Control ES cells, whether differentiated or undifferentiated, did not express I-FABP. The initial rate and maximal uptake of the fluorescent fatty acid, 12-( N-methyl)- N-...

Stoichiometric tetragonal Bal-xSrxTiO3 (x = 0.23) nanopowders were prepared by stearic acid gel(SAG) method using barium stearate, strontium stearate, tetrabutyl titanate as Ba, Sr, Ti sourcesand stearic acid as complexing reagent. Thermal analysis including differential thermogravimetric(DTG) and TG, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) andtransmission electr...

1. [1-(14)C]Stearic acid, [9-(14)C]stearic acid, [9-(14)C]palmitic acid and [9-(14)C]decanoic acid were fed to lactating rabbits, and the fatty acids of the mammary gland were separated and partially degraded. 2. Most of the (14)C recovered was located in the acids fed. Stearic acid was least efficiently absorbed; decanoic acid was the most extensively metabolized. 3. Resynthesis after degradat...

The long-chain 18-carbon fatty acids linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids, retronasally in vapor phase, are discriminated from blanks and each other. However, ability to linguistically identify them was unknown. To explore this, a Focus Group and then Check-All-That-Apply measures gave 9 identifiers for the 3 fatty acids plus phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) and geraniol. Next, participants selected 1 o...