A simple mathematical model of an indirect-fired strip annealing furnace for real-time control and optimization purposes is developed. The considered furnace is part of a hot-dip galvanizing line and is used for continuous heat treatment of steel strips. The heat that is released during the combustion process inside the radiant tubes is calculated by means of steady-state mass and enthalpy bala...

strip tearing during cold rolling process has always been considered among the main concerns for steel companies. several works have been done so far regarding the examination of the issue. in this paper, experimental data from cold rolling tandem mill is used for detecting strip tearing. sensors are placed across the cold rolling tandem mill. they receive information on parameters (such as ang...

Oscillation marks accompanied by sub-surface hooks routinely appear on the surface of continuously cast steel slabs, and are especially severe in ultralow carbon steel. This paper presents a new detailed mechanism for their formation, which has been developed by combining existing theoretical modeling results, experimental observations, and analyses based on optical and scanning electron micros...

An experiment investigating the elastic local buckling response of trough girders composed of thin profiled steel sheeting has been undertaken Beam tests were performed to promote initial local buckling in a region of constant moment in the elastic range of structural response. The results of the experiments were compared with an elastic complex semi-analytical finite strip method of analysis, ...

Toshiaki Takahashi Takaaki Ozawa Hajime Takahashi OVERVIEW: Steel industry control systems tend to be large, comprising motors, drives, PLCs, and process computers among other components. In addition to reliability, they require the speed of response to perform realtime electrical and mechanical control. To achieve this, Hitachi uses the latest computing and information technology. Hitachi is a...

Steady growth in the variety of steel grades has created the need for self-learning statistical models – like neural networks – in order to achieve high setup accuracy and tight product tolerances, as well as to apply to new materials. The performance of neural networks depends in turn on the quality and quantity of training data available. Erroneous data lead to poor modeling behavior, weakeni...

The punchless welding point detection system using laser diagnostics for continuous strip production line has been developed. At the entrance of the steel strip production line, the preceding and following coils are welded for continuous processing. The welding point detection and tracking of the position is essential for the setup change of various important processing facilities according to ...

Cast strips of 0.1mass% C steel with or without phosphorus addition have been characterized by electron back-scattering diffraction pattern (EBSP) measurements. Then the formation of globular ferrite structure was discussed. EBSP analysis combined with optical microscopy clearly showed that a globular grain was fitted to be an -ferrite grain. The EBSP analysis suggested that the retainedgrain g...

The Hot Strip Mill Production Scheduling Problem is a hard problem that arises in the steel industry when scheduling steel coil production. It can be modeled as a generalization of the Prize Collecting Traveling Salesman Problem with multiple and conflicting objectives and constraints. In this paper we formulate this problem as a mathematical program and propose a heuristic method to determine ...

AIM This randomised clinical trial (RCT) compared the clinical outcomes of three aesthetic full-coronal restorations (composite strip crowns, pre-veneered stainless steel crowns (SSCs) and pre-fabricated primary zirconia crowns) in carious and traumatised primary maxillary incisors. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty nine teeth in 39 children aged between 3 to 5 years were included....