Steel industry is one of the leading industries in the world. Today it is also one of the fundamental and strategic industries of the world. Per capita production and consumption amount of steel are used as a criterion for evaluation of country development. Furthermore, attention to technological innovations is assumed so much crucial to access the international markets of steel industrie...

A considerable amount of mill scale is generated from steelmaking plants annually. Although some industries use it as raw material however, since it contains iron in the form of FeO, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4, it can be considered as a valuable metallurgical raw material for iron and steelmaking industry as well. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility, efficiency, and consequences o...

Frequent delays will be experienced in the start-up of molten steel on converter equipment during steelmaking–continuous casting (SCC) production process due to untimely supply iron or scrap, which may cause conflicts between adjacent heat same casting. The machine is cut off, resulting failure static scheduling plan. SCC ladle re-scheduling based premise that path remains unchanged, operation ...

This paper will define the slag compositions required to obtain and control optimum foamy slag conditions in the Electric Furnace. In defining the optimal slags, consideration is given to the effects of scrap quality, carbon injection, slag basicity and MgO content. A computer model based on published phase-diagrams has been developed which graphically maps the chemistries for optimal foaming c...

Fuzzy constraints must be ne-tuned for a certain task. However, such ne-tuning cannot be done for all possible instantiations of a problem, and thus is generally done on protypical constraints. These templates are applied during run-time to a certain actual situation, i.e., dynamically adapted and applied only where necessary. This paper describes issues arising from the existance of such dynam...

About 40 million tons of steel slag a year, which is the by-product of iron and steel manufacture, is generated in Japan and the almost all the slag is reused for the materials, e.g. cement raw material, road base course material and civil engineering material, by effectively utilizing its characteristics such as chemical components and mechanical properties. Most of its purposes of uses are to...

This paper illustrates how systems requirements (i.e., safety) are decomposed to define manufacturing process requirements and design. Steelmaking is an energy intensive process; utilizing vast amounts of electricity, oxygen, and natural gas to liquefy scrap steel. While the electric arc furnace process is used extensively around the world to melt steel, it is inefficient. Hot gases are lost to...