background: the cholinergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. administration of crocus sativus (saffron) or its constituent, crocin, facilitates the formation of memory. based on above findings, in the current study the effect of crocin in antagonizing retrograde amnesia induced by scopolamine, a cholinergic receptor antagonist, in rats was investigated by using shuttle box...

introduction: even though there is a high prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome patients, there are very few reliable papers on the study of normal values and changes in sensory and motor latency parameters of the median nerve in the wrist region on the basis of age of patients .this retrospective study was on the basis of 5 years data (1998 -2003) from the electro diagnostic department of sh. s...

abstract: introduction: nitric oxide (no) is a retrograde messenger in hippocampal synaptic plasticity which involves in learning and memory processes. previous studies revealed that hippocampal pyramidal cells contain no synthase (nos) enzyme which produce no and could be a promising target to evaluate the role of no in brain cognitive functions. so in this study, using nos inhibitor (l-name),...

BACKGROUND Ketamine is intravenous anaesthetic with NMDA-glutamate receptors mechanism of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with saline (group A) or 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg of ketamine (groups B, C and D, respectively). For active avoidance test an automatic reflex conditioner was used. The observed variables were number of avoidances, escapes and intertrial crossings. Ste...

conclusions these data suggest that single bilateral microinjection of aβ (25-35) could impair memory and can be used as an ad model in wistar rats. results the results showed that aβ (25-35) significantly impaired both step-through latency and time in dark compartment in the passive avoidance task. background alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common form of dementia that leads to neurotoxic...

Today’s disks are inexpensive and have a large amount of capacity. As a result, most disks have a significant amount of excess capacity. At the same time, the performance gap between disks and processors has widened to the point that many workloads have become disk bound. To improve the performance of disks, we propose using the excess capacity of disks to replicate blocks. To do this, the disk...