The accompanying reply can be viewed at http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1644 & 2017 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. Data are inadequate to test whale falls as chemosynthetic stepping-stones ...

As researchers collect spatiotemporal population and genetic data in tandem, models that connect demography and dispersal to genetics are increasingly relevant. The dominant spatiotemporal model of invasion genetics is the stepping-stone model which represents a gradual range expansion in which individuals jump to uncolonized locations one step at a time. However, many range expansions occur qu...

Intruders on the Internet often prefer to launch network intrusions indirectly, i.e., using a chain of hosts on the Internet as relay machines using protocols such as Telnet or SSH. This type of attack is called a stepping-stone attack. In this paper, we propose and analyze algorithms for stepping-stone detection using ideas from Computational Learning Theory and the analysis of random walks. O...

The classical island and one-dimensional stepping-stone models of population genetic structure developed for animal populations are extended to hermaphrodite plant populations to study the behavior of biparentally inherited nuclear genes and organelle genes with paternal and maternal inheritance. By substituting appropriate values for effective population sizes and migration rates of the genes ...

By creating a knowledge base that reduces innovation costs, imitation can serve as a stepping stone enabling …rms from lagging countries to undertake innovation. This paper constructs a product cycle model with this feature to determine what forces could cause a lagging country to shift R&D from imitation toward innovation. Increasing resources or subsidizing R&D in the lagging South increases ...

This paper uses a unique dataset on the inhabitants of Amsterdam, to study the dynamics of the consumption of cannabis and cocaine. People are most likely to start using that drugs at ages 18-20 and 20-25. An analysis of the starting rates shows some evidence of cannabis being a "stepping-stone" for cocaine. However, the fact that some individuals use both cannabis and cocaine has to do mostly ...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and...

The title of Dr. Laurie Gottlieb’s editorial in a recent issue of CJNR devoted exclusively to student research reports says it all — “The Quality of Student Papers Augurs Well for the Future of Nursing Research” (Gottlieb, 2002, p. 3). As Dr. Gottlieb remarks, the papers indicate that nursing students are using a diversity of research methods, participating in their supervisors’ research progra...