If stereotypes function to protect people against death-related concerns, then mortality salience should increase stereotypic thinking and preferences for stereotype-confirming individuals. Study 1 demonstrated that mortality salience increased stereotyping of Germans. In Study 2, it increased participants' tendency to generate more explanations for stereotype-inconsistent than stereotype-consi...

To date, stereotype threat interventions have been considered interchangeable. Across 4 experiments, the present research demonstrates that stereotype threat interventions need to be tailored to the specific form of experienced stereotype threat to be effective. The Multi-Threat Framework (Shapiro & Neuberg, 2007) distinguishes between group-as-target stereotype threats-concerns that a stereoty...

Previous research has demonstrated that stereotype threat induces a prevention focus and impairs central executive functions. The present research examines how these 2 consequences of stereotype threat are related. The authors argue that the prevention focus is responsible for the effects of stereotype threat on executive functions and cognitive performance. However, because the prevention focu...

Stereotype threat is being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group. Studies 1 and 2 varied the stereotype vulnerability of Black participants taking a difficult verbal test by varying whether or not their performance was ostensibly diagnostic of ability, and thus, whether or not they were at risk of fulfilling the racial stereotype about their inte...

Subjects in simple games often exhibit nonequilibrium behaviors. Cognitive Hierarchy (CH) and Level k (LK) are two prevailing structural models that can predict these behaviors well but they make quite different assumptions on players’ beliefs of their opponents’ actions. This paper develops a generalization of CH and shows that CH and a variant of LK belong to the same family. Under generalize...

Background: Many intracranial lesions can induce psychotic symptoms. Arachonoid cyst is one of the suspicious etiologies. A possible link between arachnoid cyst and psychosis gives an interest to the pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms. Here, we present a case of schizophrenia with a large cerebellar arachnoid cyst. Case Presentation: Ms. Lu is a 31-year-old woman with schizophrenia for 7 years...

BACKGROUND Although stereotype threat is a well-documented phenomenon, previous studies examining it in older adults have almost exclusively focused on objective cognitive outcomes. Considerably less attention has been paid to the impact of stereotype threat on older adults' subjective assessments of their own abilities or to the impact of stereotype threat in noncognitive domains. OBJECTIVE ...

Background: Many intracranial lesions can induce psychotic symptoms. Arachonoid cyst is one of the suspicious etiologies. A possible link between arachnoid cyst and psychosis gives an interest to the pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms. Here, we present a case of schizophrenia with a large cerebellar arachnoid cyst. Case Presentation: Ms. Lu is a 31-year-old woman with schizophrenia for 7 years...

The social construction of gender has profound implications on how individuals different identities perceive health and formulate health-related decisions. An online survey experiment (N = 262) was conducted using implicit association test (IAT) to examine stereotypes two preventative behaviors—lung cancer screening family planning—and these interact with identity impact information-seeking int...

Opportunity evaluation represents a core aspect of the entrepreneurial process. Prior research suggests that evaluation of new opportunities is influenced by biases rooted in subjective beliefs, values, and assumptions. In the present study, we used stereotype activation theory to propose that respondent gender (men–women), content of stereotype (masculine–feminine), and the manner in which ste...