Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of mice can destroy tumor cells effectively in vitro in the presence of antitumor polysaccharide, linear 0-1,3-o-glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes IFO 13140 (TAK), and some other immunomodulators. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the tumoricidal activity of PMN induced by these immunomodulators and especially TAK. The TAK-in...

Objective To present a case series of children retrialed on stimulants after initial poor stimulant responses given the paucity of information on the usefulness of this strategy. Methods Health records from an ADHD medication service were obtained for six children who: (i) were medication naïve at service entry; (ii) had trials of at least one stimulant from each stimulant class; (iii) subseq...

Immunomodulation is a diverse process by which immunomodulators enhance or suppress immune responses to control disease progression. Immunomodulators are broad class of drugs that include immunosuppressants and immunostimulants. These agents have been used fight against the dysregulated observed during tissue/organ transplantation disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, can...

The purpose of this study was to determine the nonmedical use of prescription attention deficit disorder (ADD) stimulant medication among dental and dental hygiene students. A questionnaire was used to examine demographic information, student experiences, and perceptions of prescription stimulant medication and to determine if students used a prescription stimulant nonmedically. In 2008, 401 su...

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder associated with significant impairments in occu pational, academic, neuropsychological, and social functioning. central nervous system (cns) stimulants are recommended as first-line medication therapy for children. cns stimulants include formulations of methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives and...

Corticosteroids, which are potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator agents used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases including allergic diseases, can in some cases produce immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reactions. This review summarizes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of such reactions, including related diagnostic issues. It also presents a detailed ana...

Aims of this study were to assess the associations between stimulant use and attitudes toward and engagement in HIV medical care and to examine technology use among stimulant-using and nonstimulant-using men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV-positive MSM (n = 276; mean age = 42 years; 71% white, non-Hispanic; 43% with college degree) completed an online survey in 2009. Most men (69%) had not mis...

AIMS Previous research has reported that both contingency management (CM) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are efficacious interventions for the treatment of stimulant abusers. The present study sought to directly compare the effectiveness of (CM) and (CBT) alone and in combination in reducing stimulant use. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS Stimulant-dependent individual...