The proposed embedded strain sensor consists of six elastic rings, placed in an icosahedral symmetry, whose measured elongations give access to the complete 3D tensor surrounding matrix. linear relationship between ring and matrix is given. From this relation it deduced that isotropic, i.e. its sensitivity independent rotation more sensitive hydrostatic strains than deviatoric strains. addition...

We investigated a prototype of strain sensor based on the layers bionanomaterial containing bovine serum albumin (BSA matrix) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT filler). The aqueous dispersion 25 wt.% BSA/0.3 MWCNT was applied by screen printing onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates. After drying laser irradiation (~970 nm), various parameters were controlled, i.e., resistan...

In this work, a wire-shaped flexible strain sensor was fabricated by encapsulating conductive carbon thread (CT) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer. The key strain sensitive material, CT, was prepared by pyrolysing cotton thread in N2 atmosphere. The CT/PDMS composite wire shows a typical piezo-resistive behavior with high strain sensitivity. The gauge factors (GF) calculated at low str...

We demonstrated a flexible self-powered system that consists of a strain sensor and a nanogenerator. An individual ZnSnO3 microbelt was bonded at its ends to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate to fabricate a strain sensor and a single-nanobelt nanogenerator. The sensor and nanogenerator were connected in series and packaged by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. The ZnSnO3 belongs to...

This paper presents the strain sensing capability of a wireless and batteryless smart-skin sensor array. The sensor design is based on a folded patch antenna. When the patch antenna is under strain/deformation, its resonance frequency varies accordingly. The frequency variation can be easily interrogated and recorded by a wireless reader based on a backscattering mechanism. The patch antenna ut...

In recent years, carbon nanotubes have been utilized for a variety of applications, including nanoelectronics and various types of sensors. In particular, researchers have sought to take advantage of the superior electrical properties of carbon nanotubes for fabricating novel strain sensors. This article presents a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-polyelectrolyte (PE) composite thin film st...

Conventional metallic strain sensors are flexible, but they can sustain maximum strains of only ~5%, so there is a need for sensors that can bear high strains for multifunctional applications. In this study, we report stretchable and flexible high-strain sensors that consist of entangled and randomly distributed multiwall carbon nanotubes or graphite flakes on a natural rubber substrate. Carbon...

The need for monitoring the condition of large-scale infrastructure systems has motivated a recent interest in novel sensor technologies for structural health monitoring. To provide the structural health monitoring system with data that captures local structural behavior, the measurement of component-level strain is valuable. Although current foil-based strain gauges are capable of measuring st...