4. The importance of robust institutions to encourage participation and ownership The strengthening of accountability and transparency mechanisms increases public ownership of, and involvement in both the design and implementation of the verification system. Safe guards are needed to guarantee protection from retribution if individual and public participation in oversight mechanisms is to be en...

Prosodic structure has been assumed to serve as a frame for articulation, so that phonetic shaping of abstract phonological representations is fine-tuned as a function of the prosodic system of the language. The intricate relationship between phonetics and prosodic structure has been explored in the literature under the rubric of the phonetics-prosody interface. This paper reviews various aspec...

A fuzzy graph is utilized to characterize the role played by an individual member in such a group that a class of group members having relationship with any given member has no sharply defined boundary. The concepts of weakening and strengthening points of an ordinary graph presented by Ross and Harary are generalized to those of a fuzzy graph.

in order to elucidate the significance and the position of international cultural relations in transformation of global peace and security, we should initially study its indicators through the cultural relationships among the nations, public, private and international organizations, social movements, international displacement /migration and modern communication technologies and then we should ...

strategies of strengthening family foundation mohaddesi h , yusofi m* received: 22 april, 2010 accepted: 27 july, 2010 abstract background & aims: family is the first basis for psychosomatic growth and socialization of individuals in a community. family members who are uninformed or reckless about their rights and responsibilities will make a field for different psychosocial damages such as vio...

BACKGROUND Medicines use related challenges such as inadequate adherence, high levels of antimicrobial resistance and preventable adverse drug reactions have underscored the need to incorporate pharmaceutical services to help achieve desired treatment outcomes, and protect patients from inappropriate use of medicines. This situation is further constrained by insufficient numbers of pharmaceutic...

Thanks to a stellar evolution code able to compute through the C-flash we link the binary population synthesis of single degenerate progenitors of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to their physical condition at the time of ignition. We show that there is a large range of possible ignition densities and we detail how their probability distribution depends on the accretion properties. The low density ...

OBJECTIVE Involvement in peer victimization has been associated with numerous negative consequences, including poor physical health. The purpose of this study is to improve on previous research evaluating the victimization-health relationship by examining the health (i.e., health-related quality of life [HRQoL], medical service utilization) of both victims and aggressors and examining individua...