· Posterior Circulation Two vertebral arteries originate from the first part of the subclavian arteries. These join intra-cranially to form the basilar artery and supply the posterior cerebral circulation. This is the main blood supply to the brain stem, cerebellum and posterior cerebrum. · Anterior Circulation Both internal carotid arteries arise from the carotid bifurcation in the neck. Intra...

A 22-year-old woman presented with a history of multiple spells of dizziness, difficulty speaking and occasional loss of consciousness lasting for up to one hour. The patient had been initially diagnosed with epilepsy and treated with Levatiracetam without success. The physical finding of decreased left carotid and radial pulses raised suspicion for Takayasu arteriitis and the patient was refer...

A case of dual origin of the left vertebral artery was encountered in a dissection course for medical students in 2014. Two vertebral arteries were observed on the left side. One arose from the aortic arch between the origin of the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery, entered the transverse foramen of the 4th cervical vertebra, and coursed upward into the transverse forame...

OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility and potential diagnostic usefulness of arterial ultrasonography in Takayasu's arteritis. METHODS The total wall, intimal + medial, and adventitial thickness of the common carotid, subclavian and common femoral arteries, and of the abdominal aorta, were examined by B mode ultrasonography in 16 patients with Takayasu's arteritis and 16 healthy control subject...

Pulmonary atresia may occur with a normal or an abnormal aortic root; in either case the presence of a collateral circulation to the lungs is obligatory for survival. This may be via a patent ductus arteriosus, if the main branches of the pulmonary artery are developed, by enlarged bronchial arteries anastomosing with the pulmonary artery branches or supplying the lungs direct, or by means of s...

Aberrant right subclavian artery is the most common congenital malformation of the aortic arch (0.4%-2.0%). Aneurysms of aberrant subclavian arteries are extremely rare. This results in little experience with their treatment. We describe a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with a dissection of an aberrant right subclavian artery that later progressed to rupture. Beside...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to assess blood flow in the upper limb arteries after prolonged catheterization with long radial artery catheters (LRC) which reach the subclavian artery compared to catheterization with standard short radial artery catheters (SRC) and a group of upper limb flow without any catheter placement (NOCATH), with both SRC and NOCATH as control groups. METHODS...

Background: Several vascular complications are known to occur in association with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and recent publications have called attention to the development of pseudoaneurysms of large arteries in patients with AIDS. Case report: We report on 2 patients with AIDS aged 23 and 31 years with pseudoaneurysms of the abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries. After...

Introduction Axillary artery begins as a continuation of 3rd part of subclavian artery at the outer border of the first rib. It extends at the lower border of teres major muscle where it continues as the brachial artery. The pectoralis minor muscle divides the axillary artery into three parts. It usually gives off 6 branches. The 1st part which is medial to pectoralis minor muscle gives superio...