Adipocyte differentiation and its impact on restriction or expansion of particular adipose tissue depots have physiological and pathophysiological significance in view of the different functions of these depots. Brown or "beige" fat [brown adipose tissue (BAT)] expansion can enhance thermogenesis, lipid oxidation, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance; conversely expanded visceral fat [vis...

Glucocorticoids increase adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, a process underpinned by the local reactivation of inactive cortisone to active cortisol within adipocytes catalyzed by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). The adrenal sex steroid precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been shown to inhibit 11β-HSD1 in murine adipocytes; however, rodent adrenals do not pr...

results the results showed that children with a higher weight z-score spend more time in sedentary activities and less time running or involved in active games. scd-1 activity index, arachidonic/linoleic index, and adipocyte volume were significantly higher in children with a weight z-score greater than 0. the preadipocyte number and the genetic expression of the studied genes did not differ be...

BACKGROUND Adipose tissue (AT) contributes to metabolic dysfunction through imbalanced production of adipokines, including cytokines. Visceral AT in particular is associated with metabolic disorders, indicating a specific secretory status. The relative significance of different human AT depots in adipokine release is not fully known. Further, previous in vitro systems usually included medium co...

BACKGROUND The adipose tissue is important for development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and adipose tissue dysfunction has been proposed as an underlying cause. In the present study we investigated presence of adipocyte hypertrophy, and gene expression pattern of adipose tissue dysfunction in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy, non-obese subjects predisposed to type 2 diabe...

The orexigenic neuropeptide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), a product of Pmch, is an important mediator of energy homeostasis. Pmch-deficient rodents are lean and smaller, characterized by lower food intake, body-, and fat mass. Pmch is expressed in hypothalamic neurons that ultimately are components in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) drive to white and interscapular brown adipose tis...

The objectives of this study were to determine the roles of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the prehibernatory weight gain of adult woodchucks and in the increased body weight of woodchucks born in captivity. The seasonal increase in weight in wild adult woodchucks was associated with an increase approaching tenfold in both body fat and in subcutaneous and retroperitoneal adipocyte siz...

BACKGROUND Mice lacking Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) have reduced body fat which at least partly is mediated through increased lipid and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue. In humans, RIP140 is lower expressed in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese versus lean subjects. We investigated the role of RIP140 in human subcutaneous WAT, which is the major fat depot of the body...

Brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent UCP1-independent thermogenesis, which may be utilized to develop treatments against obesity. We have found that mRNA expression of the alanine/serine/cysteine transporter-1 (ASC-1) was induced during adipocyte differentiation human brown-prone deep neck beige-competent subcutaneous progenitors, SGBS preadipocyt...