Systems have been developed to monitor the direct effects of insect growth regulator (IGR) pesticide exposure on honey bee development, but there has been little work on the longer-term impact of exposure on the colony. A honey bee population model provided the opportunity to investigate the effects of short-term mortality of brood and of sublethal changes in behaviour of the surviving adults o...

The histopathological effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate on the gill, liver and kidney tissues of the Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum were studied. The fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of anionic detergent, Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) for short term intervals (192 h). Gill, liver and kidney samples were collected after 192 h of exposure to LAS and lesions we...

Glyphosate is a widely used agrochemical. Nevertheless, only few studies have investigated its effect on bees, specifically influence their foraging activity. This article provides summary of the prominent research results this issue, published in journals field experimental biology. The commonly concentrations glyphosate honey bee navigation has been evaluated several studies, as well that are...

Soils can be sinks of pollutant mixtures, whose effects on terrestrial ecosystems are not obvious interpretation. Risk assessment is rather codified and many approaches used. Nevertheless, there still uncertainties remaining when dealing with diffuse pollution, including chronic inputs low, sublethal, concentrations mixtures micropollutants. In this paper, we reviewed through a comprehensive li...

For several foodborne bacterial pathogens, an acid tolerance response appears to be an important strategy for counteracting acid stress imposed either during food processing or by the human host. The acid tolerance response enhances bacterial survival of lethal acid challenge following prior exposure to sublethal acidic conditions. Previous studies have revealed relationships between a foodborn...

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Candida albicans exhibits altered pathogenicity characteristics following sublethal antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) and if such alterations are maintained in the daughter cells. C. albicans was exposed to sublethal APDI by using methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer (0.05 mM) combined with a GaAlAs diode laser (λ 660 nm, 75 m...

Plant derived insecticides have considerable potential for mosquito control because these products are safer than conventional insecticides. This study aimed to investigate sublethal activities of Ipomoea carica or railway creeper crude acethonilic extract against life history trait of dengue vectors, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. The late third instar larvae of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aeg...

Transgenic Cry1Ac+CpTI cotton (CCRI41) is a promising cotton cultivar throughout China but side effects and especially sublethal effects of this transgenic cultivar on beneficial insects remain poorly studied. More specifically potential sublethal effects on behavioural traits of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. have not been formally assessed despite the importance of honey bees for pollination...

Pesticide risk assessments are usually based on short-term acute toxicity tests, while longer-term population dynamic related traits, critical to the success of biological control and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, are often overlooked. This is increasingly important with respect to new biopesticides that frequently cause no short-term acute effects, but that can induce multiple phy...

freshwater fish cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to lethal concentration (5 mg/l) for 1,2,3,4 days and sublethal concentration (1 mg/l) for 1,7,14,21 days of cypermethrin to examine the enzymes activity, in functionally three different tissues namely, gill, liver and muscle. activities of aspartate aminotransferase (aat), alanine aminotransferase (alat) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) increased...