Bridge pier scour is a complex process, which influenced by many parameters, including the presence of ice cover around piers. To better understand influence on bridge scour, an artificial cover, equipped with either smooth or rough surface, was constructed and tested experimentally. The positioned surface water submerged to specified depths in order replicate floating fixed (pressurized) condi...

Transcriptional control plays an important role in regulating submergence responses in plants. Although numerous genes are highly induced during hypoxia, their individual roles in hypoxic responses are still poorly understood. Here, we found that expression of genes that encode members of the WRKY transcription factor family was rapidly and strongly induced upon submergence in Arabidopsis thali...

Submergence stress is a limiting factor for rice growing in rainfed lowland areas of the world. It is known that the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) has negative effects on submergence tolerance in rice, while its inhibitor paclobutrazol (PB) does the opposite. However, the physiological and molecular basis underlying the GA- and PB-regulated submergence response remains largely unknown. In this ...

This paper investigates the performance of a fully passive flapping foil device for energy harvesting in free surface flow. The study uses numerical simulations to examine effects varying submergence depths and impact monochromatic waves on foil’s performance. For simulations, in-house artificial compressibility two-phase solver is employed coupled with rigid body dynamic solver. results show t...

To figure out whether spermidine (Spd) can alleviate oxidative damage on rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by submergence stress, Ningjing 3 was used in this study. The results showed that, spraying Spd on rice leaves at a concentration of 0.5 mM promoted the growth recovery of rice after drainage, such as green leaves, tillers, and aboveground dry mass. According to physiological analysis, Spd acc...

In this study an extensive experimental research is carried out to develop a better understanding of the effects of Piano Key (PK) weir geometry on weir flow threshold submergence. Experiments were conducted in a 12 m long, 0.4 m wide and 0.7 m deep rectangular glass wall flume. The main objectives were to investigate the effect of the PK weir geometries including the weir length, weir height, ...

Abstract Submarine needs to complete more tasks near the free-surface area in modern war. When sailing free surface, self-propelled characteristics of submarine and its nearby flow field will be affected by surface. This paper presents research on self-propulsion surface with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. We take generic Joubert BB2 Marine 7371R propeller models as objects. The RAN...

Zoophycos is a complex three dimensional trace fossil that is abundant in deep ocean sediments worldwide, but has not been described previously from Cenozoic continental margin deposits of Antarctica. In the ANDRILL 1B core drilled through the northwest McMurdo ice shelf, Zoophycos occurs in a 17m thick unit of interglacial sediments bounded above and below by glacial surfaces of erosion. This ...

Submergence stress can cause the death of grass plants. Identification of the association between molecular markers and submergence tolerance-related traits facilitates an efficient selection of the tolerant cultivars for commercial production. A global collection of 99 diverse perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) accessions was evaluated for submergence tolerance and analyzed with 109 simple...

Floods can completely submerge some rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields. Leaves of rice have gas films that aid O2 and CO2 exchange under water. The present study explored the relationship between gas film persistence and underwater net photosynthesis (PN) as influenced by genotype and submergence duration. Four contrasting genotypes (FR13A, IR42, Swarna, and Swarna-Sub1) were submerged for 13 days i...