Little information on the evaluation of airborne particulate matter (APM) and sedimentation particles from subway stations is available. The thermal metamorphism of train wheels generating toxic particles in subway stations is a possibility. In this study, the toxicity and physiological effects of particles from subway stations were evaluated using a yeast bioassay system. Estrogenic and anties...

OBJECTIVES Subway drivers experience various types of work-related problems during their driving, and those experiences can act as risk factors for depressive symptoms. This study was conducted to investigate the association between work-related problems and subway driver's depressive symptoms. METHODS We recruited all of the 961 current subway drivers of a subway company located in Seoul, So...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to find the prevalence and occupational risk factors for major psychiatric disorders among subway drivers in South Korea. METHODS Of all 998 current subway drivers, 995 participated in this study. The Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI 2.1) was administered by trained interviewers to diagnose psychiatric disorders in all part...

The Platform Screen Doors improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in the subway station; however, and the air quality is degraded in the subway tunnel. CO2 concentration and indoor particulate matter value are high in the tunnel. The IAQ level in subway tunnel degrades by increasing the train movements. Air-curtain installation reduces dusts, particles and moving toxic smokes and permits traffic by ge...

Separation Logic is a non-classical logic used to verify pointer-intensive code. In this paper, however, we show that Separation Logic, along with its natural extensions, can also be used as a specification language for concurrent-system design. To do so, we express the behavior of three very different concurrent systems: a Subway, a Stopwatch, and a 2×2 Switch. The Subway is originally impleme...

The Metropolitan Seoul Subway system, consisting of 380 stations, provides the major transportation mode in the metropolitan Seoul area. Focusing on the network structure, we analyze statistical properties and topological consequences of the subway system. We further study the passenger flows on the system, and find that the flow weight distribution exhibits a power-law behavior. In addition, t...

Subway systems consume a large amount of energy each year. How to reduce the energy consumption of subway systems has already become an issue of concern in recent years. This paper proposes an energy-efficient approach to reduce the traction energy by optimizing the train operation for multiple interstations. Both the trip time and driving strategy are considered in the proposed optimization ap...

The use of traditional positioning technologies relies on the underlying infrastructures. However, for the subway environment, such positioning systems may not be available for the positioning tasks, such as the detection of the train arrivals for the passengers in the train. An alternative way is to exploit the contextual information available in the mobile devices of subway riders. To this en...

in the contemporary era, subway terminals are known as examples of dynamic public spaces in today’s urban context, in all over the world. therefore, these constructions, that are recognized as above ground appearance of subway networks in different parts of inner and sometimes outer city areas, are the places of social encounters, predicted and unexpected happenings and various behavioral patte...

BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and oxidants are important factors in causing exacerbations in asthmatics, and the source and composition of pollutants greatly affects pathological implications. OBJECTIVES This randomized crossover study investigated responses of ...