background: sulfur mustard (sm) has acute and chronic effects on skin and mucosal surfaces. the aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of esophagitis in a historical cohort of veterans who had been exposed to sm in iran-iraq war nearly 25 years ago.   methods : one hundred two veterans with dyspepsia and/or heartburn underwent esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy. of them, 52 cases had been exp...

human airway is generally destructed by inhaled factors and is the barrier to the external environment and has a crucial role in protection of the internal homeostasis of the lung. sulfur mustard (sm) is a chemical warfare that capable of producing severe chemical injuries primarily in the lungs. trefoil factor family (tffs) plays major roles in epithelial repair and homeostasis, particularly i...

objective(s):sulfur mustard (sm) was used by the iraqi army against the iranian troops in the iran-iraq war from 1983–1988. this chemical gas affects different organs including the skin, lungs and the hematopoietic system. any exposure to sm increases the risk of chromosomal breaking, hyperdiploidy and hypodiploidy. studies have shown that the risk for acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leuke...

lung exposure to sulfur mustard (sm) results in pulmonary complications, which is the main cause of long-term disability and morbidity. up to now, the precise mechanisms of sm-induced lung complications has not been identified. the aim of this study was to evaluate apoptosis in the lung tissue of sm-exposed individuals. the study was performed on archived lung paraffin-embedded tissue specimens...

background & objectives: respiratory, central nervous system, and skin complications of mustard gas toxicity have previously been studied; however, the liver and kidney side effects due to this intoxication have not been fully noted. we aimed to evaluate the frequency of liver, kidney and lung lesions in mustard gas-exposed iranian veterans who had been exposed to the toxin almost 2 decades...

sulfur mustard (sm) is a chemical warfare agent which was widely used in the world war i and more recently during gulf war in the early 1980s'. sm is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects but only few studies have been published on its teratogenicity. since sm has been widely used as a chemical weapon by the iraqi regime against the iranian soldiers as well as ...

sulfur mustard, a bifunctional alkylating agent, causes severe eye injury. the injury is a result of late inflammation, which is mediated by prostaglandins. theoretically, inhibition of prostaglandins by reagents such as indomethacine could result in alleviation of clinical adverse effects. in this study, the protective effect of topically applied indomethacine against sulfur mustard toxicity w...

Sulfur mustard, a bifunctional alkylating agent, causes severe eye injury. The injury is a result of late inflammation, which is mediated by prostaglandins. Theoretically, inhibition of prostaglandins by reagents such as indomethacine could result in alleviation of clinical adverse effects. In this study, the protective effect of topically applied indomethacine against sulfur mustard toxici...

background: sulfur mustard (sm) is an incapacitating chemical warfare agent, which has been widely employed in particular regions including iran. we investigated and reported delayed biochemical and hematological complications of sm in severely toxic iranian veterans 23 years after exposure. materials and methods: forty-two iranian veterans, residents of khorasan razavi, poisoned by sm, and suf...