Introduction: The Río Tinto mining district can be considered as the largest volcanogenic massive sulphide district worldwide and probably one of the oldest in the human history being in continuous operation from the Bronze Age to the XX. An important characteristic of the Rio Tinto system is derived from the interaction between the river waters and the iron-rich sulphide minerals. This interac...

Purpose. In order to fully exploit the metal and facilitate its method of processing, we need an accurate knowledge composition, granular distribution, association with unimportant penalizing elements that would like get rid of, compared distribution element extract by flotation method. Methodology. The present experimental work proposes approach mineralogical, chemical particle size characteri...

The Activox® process is a hydrometallurgical process route developed by Norilsk Process Technology to treat a wide variety of metal sulphide concentrates1. A combination of ultra fine grinding, which activates the sulphide minerals and oxidation at a relatively low temperature and pressure, form the core of the patented technology, which is expected to provide a competitive alternative to the t...

An increasing number of low-grade gold ore deposits are characterized by the presence of gold as solid solution into the mineral matrix of sulphide minerals which is not directly amenable to gold cyanidation. In order to liberate this submicroscopic gold the ore has to be oxidized before being subjected to gold cyanidation and exctraction. This is mainly done by autoclave pressure oxidation (AC...

The production of elemental sulphur and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from gypsum waste can be achieved by thermally reducing the waste into calcium sulphide (CaS), which is then subjected to a direct aqueous carbonation step for the generation of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and CaCO3. H2S can subsequently be converted to elemental sulphur via the commercially available chemical catalytic Claus process...

Even though ground geophysical surveys (especially Induced polarization and resistivity) are applied in mineral exploration, their effectiveness identification of mineralised zones is often enhanced by integrating other exploration techniques such as remote sensing geological investigations. Integrating different helps reducing uncertainty that associated with exploration. The methods being int...