BACKGROUND Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle is a popular treatment for dissociated vertical divergence. It seems that this surgical procedure may alter the palpebral fissure. OBJECTIVES To investigate the alteration of the palpebral fissure with inferior oblique muscle anterior transposition when it is performed as the sole operative procedure and to report the cases of p...

Vertical saccadic velocities in 10 patients who had unilateral superior oblique muscle palsy and 14 normal subjects were measured with the magnetic scleral search coil. The authors sought to determine whether downward saccades in patients who had superior oblique palsy are slow. Peak velocities of 10 degrees and 20 degrees saccades performed in the superior and inferior fields of the orbit, and...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of treating Knapp class II superior oblique muscle palsy with 7-mm nasal transposition of the ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle combined with recession of the contralateral inferior rectus muscle when the primary position hypertropia is 10 prism diopters (PD) or less. METHOD A retrospective review of 8 consecutive patients with superior oblique muscle pares...

The paradigm that an "underacting" extraocular muscle is always atrophic or hypoplastic and that an overacting extraocular muscle should always be enlarged leads to inconsistencies with clinical observations. These include findings of "overacting" inferior oblique muscles, superior rectus muscle overaction or contracture syndrome, and normal extraocular muscle diameters in patients with apparen...

A characteristic pattern of dissociated eye movements was observed in a large proportion of our patients with a variety of craniosynostosis syndromes. These anomalies simulate overaction of the inferior oblique and underaction of the superior oblique muscles which, however, cannot fully explain the abnormalities. In a number of cases, excyclorotation of the muscle cone was observed, with the up...

Retroplacement and torsional manipulation of the globe during forced duction testing provide an exaggerated traction test of the oblique muscles, allowing graded evaluation of superior oblique and inferior oblique tightness. On a scale from 0 to 4 +, normal superior oblique tightness averages 1.5+, and normal inferior oblique tightness averages about 1+. The degree of superior oblique or inferi...

PURPOSE Residual head tilt has been reported in patients with superior oblique muscle palsy (SOP) after surgery to weaken the inferior oblique (IO) muscle. The treatments for these patients have not received appropriate attention. In this study, we evaluated the superior rectus (SR) muscle recession as a surgical treatment. METHODS The medical records of 12 patients with SOP were retrospectiv...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of superior oblique (SO) muscles have revealed a high incidence of SO muscle atrophy/hypoplasia in congenital SO palsy patients. It has also been reported that long-standing acquired SO palsy patients show atrophic SO muscles in the affected eye. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of SO muscle atrophy/hypoplasia in congenital and acqu...

PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome of strabismus surgery for congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP) in relation to correction of head tilt and hypertropia. The cohort of patients mainly involved very young children. This is the first study to use a standardized instrument to objectively measure torticollis before and after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-comparative interventional case ser...