This paper discusses a problem in which  decentralized supply chains enter the market simultaneously with no existing rival chains, shape the supply chains’ networks, and set wholesale and retail prices in a noncooperative manner. All the chains produce either identical or highly substitutable products. Customer demand is elastic and price-dependent. A three-step algorithm is proposed to solve ...

We study a game that models a market in which heterogeneous producers of perfect substitutes make pricing decisions in a first stage, followed by consumers that select a producer that sells at lowest price. As opposed to Cournot or Bertrand competition, producers select prices using a supply function that maps prices to production levels. Solutions of this type of models are normally referred t...

Telecommuting means that employees work completely or sometime at home or at remote telecommuting centres instead of daily travel to work at regular offices. Impacts of telecommuting on transport are becoming significant. This paper reviews the growth of telecommuting and analyzes the necessity to evaluate the influence of telecommuting in transport planning and control. The transport network e...

Microeconomic theory develops demand and supply curves to determine the market equilibrium for commodity exchange. The demand and supply functions are the result of consumers utilities and producers production functions for different product combinations. The interaction is a game-theoretic approach to determine the quantity and prices with which goods and services are traded. Economic theory w...

Search Frictions on Product and Labor Markets: Money in the Matching Function This paper builds a macroeconomic model of equilibrium unemployment in which firms persistently face difficulties in selling their production and this affects their decisions to create jobs. Due to search-frictions on the product market, equilibrium unemployment is a U-shaped function of the ratio of total demand to t...

We revisit the classic Cournot model and extend it to a twoechelon supply chain with an upstream supplier who operates under demand uncertainty and multiple downstream retailers who compete over quantity. The supplier’s belief about retail demand is modeled via a continuous probability distribution function F . If F has the decreasing generalized mean residual life (DGMRL) property, then the su...

We study a supply chain network equilibrium model for perishable products under the theory of discrete choice models, which comprises multiple perishable product manufacturers, distributors and retailers. Our goal is to present equilibrium outputs for different firms in this supply chain network model for perishable products based on retailers’ utility maximization. The network model is built u...

A supply chain network equilibrium problem was recently formulated using the variational inequality approach and solved with the modified projection method. Assuming the vector function F that enters the variational inequality is strictly monotone and Lipschitz continuous (and that a solution exists). The realization of the modified projection algorithm for the supply chain network equilibrium ...