The classification of land use, degree of development, and the location of major features, such as buildings and expanses of vegetation are of considerable interest to planning bodies, relief agencies, and the military. Landscape characteristics are under continuous modification, especially in urban and suburban areas, and therefore the maps of these areas need regular updating. Derived databas...

Introduction: With the approach of Cassini to the Saturn system, attention naturally focuses on the planet, its rings and Titan, but the Saturn system is also populated by a number of smaller satellites. The seven middle-sized icy satellites, along with those of Uranus, (between 400 and 1500 km wide) are distinctly different geophysically and geologically from their much larger Galilean-class b...

Material composition and topography of the cell-contacting material interface are important considerations in the design of biomaterials at the nano and micro scales. This study is one of the first to have assessed the osteoblastic response to micropatterned polymer-ceramic composite surfaces. In particular, the effect of topographic variations of composite poly(ε-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite (...

The dynamics of the fluctuations of a liquid film on a heterogeneous substrate is analyzed. We consider the case of a viscous liquid in the Stokes limit, with small variations of substrate height and a small varying slip length. We discuss the possibility of extracting the topographic profile or the slip length profile at the liquid-solid interface from the measurement of the fluctuations of th...

Multi temporal aerial photography and airborne hyper spectral imagery have been integrated for the detection and monitoring of coal mining subsidence hazards. Digital elevation models derived from successive epochs of aerial photography provide estimates of topographic change which may be indicative of the collapse of abandoned underground mine workings in the study area. Ground disturbed by su...

The vision of Linked Topographic Data is critical for the Semantic Web, since topographic data are fundamental to a wide range of geoscientific analyses and mapping of geographic phenomena. Terrain datasets are probably the most important for Linked Topographic Data. Terrain is computationally represented using a continuous field data model (2-D surfaces), but the Semantic Web needs discrete ob...

INTRODUCTION The approach-retract (A-R) cycle (“force curve”, “force spectroscopy”, “force calibration mode”, etc.) has become indispensable to scanning force microscopy. The need to control load and measure tip-sample adhesion (e.g. to monitor the state of the tip) requires routine use of this measurement mode. Many researchers have gone beyond these simple applications to probe the distancede...

[1] We performed analyses of topographic variation (surface roughness) using a new 2-D mapping method which shows that understanding the relationship between data resolution, Hurst exponent, y intercept, RMS deviation, and cell size is important for assessing surface processes. We use this new method to assess flows at six field sites in Kilauea caldera, Hawaii, using three data sets at differe...