this study simulates the temperature field and temperature stress of concrete face slabs, considering the cold waves that occur during construction as well as the contact friction between the face slabs and the cushion layer. the results show that when a cold wave occurs during construction, the surface and center temperature of the face slabs continually drop with the outside air temperature, ...

In this research, the surface stress effect on the nonlocal vibration of piezoelectric square plate reinforced by single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) based on classical plate theory (CPT) and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is presented. The elastic properties of piezoelectric nanocomposite plate are estimated by Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka and the extended mixture rule approaches. The ...

the present paper is devoted to a new critical state based plasticity model able to predict drained and undrained behaviour of granular material. it incorporates a bounding surface plasticity model describing in multilaminate framework to capitalize on advantages of this mathematical framework. most of the models developed using stress/strain invariants are not capable of identifying the parame...

Surface stress is a material property that underpins many physical processes, such as the formation of self-assembled monolayers and the deposition of metal coatings. Due to its extreme sensitivity, atomic force microscopy ~AFM! has recently emerged as an important tool in the measurement of surface stress. Fundamental to this application is theoretical knowledge of the effects of surface stres...

A high-order continuum model is developed to study wave propagation in nanowires. By using the model, heterogeneous nanostructure effects can be captured especially for high wave frequency cases. Surface stress effects are also included by using the incremental deformation approach. The governing equations of motion in the nanowire are derived including both the strain-independent and strain-de...

A large eddy simulation (LES) code of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) has been developed and applied to study the effect of spatially variable surface properties on the areally averaged surface shear stress at the land-atmosphere interface. The LES code simulates the space and time evolution of the large-scale turbulent eddies and their transport effects in the ABL. We report here on simul...

water stress effects on winter and spring leaves anatomy were investigated in experiments conducted at the experimental field of sb university of kerman using five wheat cultivars.xylem and phloem elements diameter and mesophyll, bundle sheath and epidermal cells area were measured in transverse sections prepared from middle parts of the leaves. results showed that significant difference exists...

high weissenberg boundary layer flow of viscoelastic fluids on a stretching surface has been studied. the flow is considered to be steady and two dimensional. flows of viscoelastic liquids at high weissenberg number exhibit stress boundary layers near walls. these boundary layers are caused by the memory of the fluid. upon proper scaling and by means of an exact similarity transformation, the n...

Textbooks on response surface methodology emphasize the importance of lack-of-fit tests when fitting response surface models, and stress that, to be able to test for lack of fit, designed experiments should have replication and allow for pure-error estimation. In this paper, we show how to obtain pure-error estimates and how to carry out a lack-of-fit test when the experiment is not completely ...